⚔️ 1644 – The Battle of Marston Moor, a major conflict in the First English Civil War, saw the Parliamentarian forces triumph over Royalists. 🛡️

🌋 1816 – Mount Tambora in Indonesia continued its devastating eruption, contributing to the "Year Without a Summer" due to its global climatic impact. 🌪️

🧫 1928 – Sir Alexander Fleming discovered the mold Penicillium notatum, leading to the development of penicillin, revolutionizing modern medicine. 💊

✍️ 1961 – Nobel Prize-winning author Ernest Hemingway, known for classics like The Old Man and the Sea, passed away in Ketchum, Idaho. 📚

🛒 1962 – Sam Walton opened the first Walmart store in Rogers, Arkansas, launching what would become a retail giant. 🏬

📝 1964 – President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act, marking a historic moment in the fight against discrimination in the United States. ✊

🏆 1982 – Spain's national football team claimed their first major international title by defeating the Soviet Union in the UEFA European Championship final. ⚽

💻 1990 – Microsoft released Windows 3.0, a game-changing operating system that gained widespread popularity and reshaped personal computing. 🖥️

🔍 1998 – Google was officially incorporated by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, setting the foundation for the tech giant's future dominance. 🌐

💷 2016 – The Bank of England issued a comprehensive report exploring the potential of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), reflecting on the future of digital finance. 💱