004 - Third Adhyaya

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004 - Third Adhyaya

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The term Upanishad (upa-ni-shad) signifies sitting down near, embodying the essence of learning through intimate dialogue with a teacher. Among the more than 200 Upanishads, many have been lost, surviving only through references in other texts. Traditionally, these profound works were preserved in secrecy for centuries, conveyed orally through Shlokas, a poetic form inspired by the Vedic Anustubh meter. The Shvetashvatara Upanishad, part of the Yajurveda, derives its name from Shvetashva (श्वेताश्व), meaning white horse, symbolizing purity and divine wisdom. It delves into deep metaphysical inquiries regarding the origins of existence, pondering the interplay of time, nature, necessity, chance, and spirit in the cosmos. While its exact composition date is debated, it is generally placed in the 5th to 4th century BCE. As one of the 11 principal Upanishads noted in Sankaras commentary on the Vedanta-Sutras, alongside the Chandogya and Brihadaranyaka, it serves as a cornerstone of Vedanta philosophy. Far from mere religious texts, the Upanishads offer a timeless philosophy that resonates with all, a sentiment echoed by German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, who regarded them as the pinnacle of human wisdom. Summary by Jothi

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