Nearly 45% of all deaths from non-communicable diseases worldwide are caused by cardiovascular disease—a staggering reality that frames the story of atorvastatin, better known as Lipitor. In this episode of From Concept to Medicine’s Periodic Table of Medicine, we trace the full journey of one of the world’s most influential drugs.

From the centuries-long unraveling of cholesterol’s chemistry, through the serendipitous discovery of early statins in the 1970s, to Pfizer’s launch of atorvastatin in 1997, this episode dives deep into the science, medicine, and controversy behind a blockbuster. We explore how atorvastatin works to lower LDL cholesterol, its clinical uses from common hyperlipidemia to genetic conditions, and its role in reducing heart attack and stroke risk. Along the way, we unpack the intricacies of pharmacology, drug interactions, and safety considerations—while also pulling back the curtain on its complex manufacturing, regulatory battles, and high-stakes patent wars.

But atorvastatin’s impact goes beyond the lab and the clinic. We look at its cultural imprint, from billion-dollar sales and household recognition to heated debates over marketing ethics and the shift to affordable generics. What emerges is a sweeping view of how one molecule reshaped global health, transformed an industry, and sparked questions about access, innovation, and trust in medicine.