In this episode of Concentrating on Chromatography, we sit down with Dr. Lee Polite from Axion Training Institute to break down one of analytical chemistry's most powerful yet misunderstood techniques: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS).What You'll Learn:- Why GC and MS are the "perfect pair" – and what happens when you try to use MS alone- The electron gun: how molecules get ionized and why they become positively charged (not negatively!)- The magnetic sector vs. quadrupole: from first principles to modern mass filtering- Why Dr. Lee uses the "corkscrew trajectory" analogy – and why it actually works- The cars and boats analogy: how fragmentation creates a unique molecular fingerprint- Scan mode vs. SIM (Selected Ion Monitoring): when to use each for identification vs. sensitivity- Real-world forensics: detecting pesticides in spinach and cocaine in hair follicles- Triple quad GC/MS and Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM): the future of trace analysisWhy This Matters:Over 2 million chromatographs operate worldwide, yet most users don't truly understand how they work. Dr. Polite has trained more than 14,000 professional scientists at Axion Labs to move beyond "pushing buttons" to genuinely comprehending the science. This conversation is designed for undergraduate students, academic researchers, and anyone preparing for analytical chemistry roles in pharma, environmental testing, or forensics.The Teaching Philosophy:Dr. Polite breaks complex instrumentation into simple, transferable concepts. He uses real analogies (shopping malls, bank robberies, and magnetic levitation) to make abstract physics tangible. By the end of this episode, you'll understand that mass spectrometry isn't magic—it's elegant physics made practical.Guest Information:Dr. Lee Polite is a leading authority in analytical chromatography education and founder of Axion Training Institute, a real working laboratory where scientists come for hands-on GC and LC training. With nearly 30 years of experience and a PhD under Harold McNair (one of the grandfathers of modern chromatography), Dr. Polite is passionate about making complex instrumentation accessible to students and professionals alike.Resources & Links:🔗 Axion Training Institute: www.chromatographytraining.com🔗 Email: info@axionlabs.com📧 Subscribe to Concentrating on Chromatography for more expert interviews on analytical separation science#MassSpectrometry #AnalyticalChemistry #GCMSAnalysis #ChromatographyEducation #LabInstrumentation #Chemistry #SeparationScience #Quadrupole #Instrumentation #UndergraduateChemistry

Connor Johnson, a researcher from the University of Alberta, discusses his award-winning honours project analyzing the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in two banana species using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). He completed this specific project as an undergraduate at Thompson Rivers University (TRU).For over 60 years, commercial banana flavoring has remained unchanged—even though the fruit it's supposed to mimic changed in the 1950s. Connor's research reveals why fake banana tastes fake: the commercial banana extract contains only 3 compounds compared to 18+ in real bananas, missing critical compounds that create authentic banana flavor.This episode covers:- The history of banana flavoring and the myth of the Gros Michel banana- What Connor discovered when comparing Cavendish vs. Gros Michel bananas- The real compounds behind authentic banana flavor (hint: it's not just isoamyl acetate)- Why headspace GC is ideal for volatile organic compound analysis- Challenges with sample prep and instrument troubleshooting in research- How this research could revolutionize flavor chemistry in the food industry- The broader applications of comparing artificial flavorings to real fruitsConnor won two national conference awards for this work and shares insights into the analytical challenges of flavor chemistry, including instrument downtime, sample matrix effects, and why creating authentic synthetic flavoring is harder than it seems.Perfect for chemistry students, flavor scientists, and anyone curious about why banana candy tastes nothing like real bananas.

Join us for an in-depth conversation with Holly Lee, Global Technical Marketing Specialist at SCIEX, as we explore the cutting edge of food and environmental safety testing. Holly shares her expertise on analyzing ultra-short chain PFAS like TFA, masked mycotoxins, pesticide residues, and the latest LC-MS/MS workflows transforming laboratory efficiency.In this episode of Concentrating on Chromatography, we discuss:PFAS Analysis & Challenges- Why ultra-short chain PFAS compounds like trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) are among the toughest analytes to detect- Background contamination issues and how labs can minimize them- Column selection strategies and method development for comprehensive PFAS panels- Combining different stationary phase chemistries to broaden selectivityMycotoxin Detection- What are masked mycotoxins and why they evade conventional detection- Climate-driven changes in mycotoxin co-occurrence patterns- Achieving ultra-trace sensitivity for regulated limits in food matrices- EU regulations vs. global standards for mycotoxin testingFood Residue Testing Innovations- Multi-residue pesticide methods covering 100+ compounds- Overcoming challenges with complex food matrices like tea, juice, and extracts- Veterinary drug residue analysis and validation strategies- The role of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in resolving matrix interferencesLaboratory Workflow Optimization- Sample preparation strategies: when to use direct injection vs. SPE cleanup- Automation, AI, and machine learning for peak integration and data processing- Green chemistry practices and sustainability in food testing- Getting the most from your LC-MS/MS software featuresHolly's Background & Insights- Journey from studying PFAS fate at University of Toronto to food safety applications- Experience spanning Ontario Ministry of Environment, SCIEX R&D, and global technical marketing- Emerging contaminants on the horizon, including microplastics analysis with LC-MS/MS- Partnership between SCIEX and Phenomenex for advancing chromatography solutionsResources Mentioned:- NIST PFAS Interference List (PIL) database- Phenomenex Luna Omega PSC18 column for ultra-short chain PFAS- SCIEX 7500 and 7600 ZenoTOF systems- Science of the Total Environment journal article on microplasticsWhether you're a food safety analyst, environmental chemist, or chromatography enthusiast, this conversation offers practical insights into method development, troubleshooting, and the future of analytical testing.🔬 About the Guest:Holly Lee is a Global Technical Marketing Specialist for Food Applications at SCIEX with a PhD from the University of Toronto studying PFAS environmental processes. She has hands-on experience in analytical method development, LC-MS/MS analysis, and worked at the Ontario Ministry of the Environment before joining SCIEX.🎙️ About Concentrating on Chromatography:A podcast exploring the science, applications, and innovations in chromatography and sample preparation for analytical laboratories worldwide.Hashtags:#Chromatography #LCMSMS #FoodSafety #PFAS #Mycotoxins #AnalyticalChemistry #LabTesting #SCIEX #EnvironmentalTesting #PesticideResidue #TFA #MaskedMycotoxins #LabAutomation #FoodAnalysis #SamplePreparation