History of the AIDS Epidemic Including HIV Drug Resistance

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History of the AIDS Epidemic Including HIV Drug Resistance

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Overview: In this episode, Dr Joel Gallant gives a history of antiretroviral therapy and HIV drug resistance, drawing on his personal and professional experience beginning in the early 1980s. The views expressed are those of the panelist and not necessarily Gilead Sciences, Inc. The information provided in this podcast is not intended to be and should not be understood to provide medical advice. Listeners should note that our discussions in this episode are relevant to the USA only and may not be appropriate for other regions. This episode was recorded in August 2023 and the content reflects the information available at that time. Guest: Joel Gallant, MD, MPH For more information, please visit: https://www.pri-med.com/clinical-resources/curriculum/hiv-in-focus References AIDSVu.org. New HIV diagnoses. 2023. Available from: https://aidsvu.org/local-data/united-states/south/ (Accessed May 19, 2025) AIDSVu.org was developed by the Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University in partnership with Gilead Sciences, Inc. Alonso A, de Irala J. Strategies in HIV prevention: the A-B-C approach. Lancet 2004;364:1033. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17050-5 Bacheler L, Jeffrey S, Hanna G et al. Genotypic correlates of phenotypic resistance to efavirenz in virus isolates from patients failing nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy. J Virol 2001;75:4999–5008. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.11.4999-5008.2001 Barré-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F et al. Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Science 1983;220:868–71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6189183 Bayer R, Edington C. HIV testing, human rights, and global AIDS policy: exceptionalism and its discontents. J Health Polit Policy Law 2009;34:301–23. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-2009-002 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumocystis pneumonia – Los Angeles. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1981;30:250-2. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/june_5.htm Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing HIV. 2024. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/prevention/index.html (Accessed May 22, 2025) Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M et al. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med 2011;365:493–505. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1105243 Cuevas JM, Geller R, Garijo R et al. Extremely high mutation rate of HIV-1 in vivo. PLoS Biol 2015;13:e1002251. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002251 Department of Health and Human Services. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in adults and adolescents with HIV. 2024. Available from: https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-arv/optimizing-antiretroviral-therapy (Accessed May 19, 2025) Dragovic G. Acute pancreatitis in HIV/AIDS patients: an issue of concern. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013;3:422–425. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS2221-1691(13)60091-X Eron JJ, Benoit SL, Jemsek J et al. Treatment with lamivudine, zidovudine, or both in HIV-positive patients with 200 to 500 CD4+ cells per cubic millimeter. North American HIV Working Party. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1662–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199512213332502 Gandhi RT, Tashima KT, Smeaton LM et al. Long-term outcomes in a large randomized trial of HIV-1 salvage therapy: 96-week results of AIDS clinical trials group A5241 (OPTIONS). J Infect Dis 2020;221:1407–15. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz281 Getting to Zero San Francisco. HIV epidemiology annual report 2017. 2022. Available from: https://gettingtozerosf.org/getting-to-zero-resources/hiv-report-2017/ (Accessed May 22, 2025) Global Fund. About the Global Fund. 2024. Available from: https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/about-the-global-fund/ (Accessed May 19, 2025) Gulick RM, Lalezari J, Goodrich J et al. Maraviroc for previously treated patients with R5 HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1429–41. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0803152 Gulick RM, Mellors JW, Havlir D et al. Treatment with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and prior antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med 1997;337:734–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199709113371102 Haubrich R, Berger D, Chiliade P et al. Week 24 efficacy and safety of TMC114/ritonavir in treatment-experienced HIV patients. AIDS 2007;21:F11–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3280b07b47 HIV Prevention Trials Network. HPTN 052. 2023. Available from: https://www.hptn.org/research/studies/hptn052 (Accessed May 19, 2025) HIV.gov. HIV and AIDS timeline. 2024. Available from: https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline/ (Accessed May 19, 2025) HIVinfo.NIH.gov. FDA approval of HIV ...

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