In today's mini, we talk about how Toronto has voted in Canada's federal elections of the past.

Here are some resources for those interested in learning more about the history of Toronto and federal elections, or the history of Canadian federal elections more generally:

• Stephen Clarkson, The Big Red Machine: How the Liberal Party Dominates Canadian Politics (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2005).
• Cara Spittal, “The Diefenbaker Moment” (PhD diss., University of Toronto, 2011).
• Thirstan Falconer, “Building an Ethnic Coalition? The Liberal Party of Canada, Ethnocultural Communities and the 1962 and 1963 Federal Elections in Metro Toronto,” American Review of Canadian Studies 48, no. 3 (2018): 281–296.
• Eerik Riivo Ilves, “New-Build Gentrification and the Changing Inner City Vote in Toronto and Vancouver” (master's thesis, University of Toronto, 2007).

And if you're interested in exploring past election results yourself, you can find them here: https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/ElectionsRidings/electionsElectedCandidates.

--

Listening T.O. History is created and hosted by Steve Penfold and Louis Reed-Wood. Our artwork was made by Nethkaria, and our music was created by Holizna. Follow us on Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/listeningt.o.history) and Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/people/Listening-TO-History/61553456499160/) for additional content and announcements, and get in touch at listeningTOhistory[at]gmail.com!