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The Rational Reminder Podcast

The Rational Reminder Podcast

Auteur(s): Benjamin Felix Cameron Passmore and Dan Bortolotti
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 A weekly reality check on sensible investing and financial decision-making, from three Canadians. Hosted by Benjamin Felix, Cameron Passmore, and Dan Bortolotti, Portfolio Managers at PWL Capital.2025 copyright - PWL Capital, all rights reserved Finances personnelles Économie
Épisodes
  • Episode 397: Hendrik Bessembinder - Constant Leverage & Measuring Investor Outcomes

    Episode 397: Hendrik Bessembinder - Constant Leverage & Measuring Investor Outcomes
    Feb 19 2026
    In this episode, we welcome back return guest Hank Bessembinder for a deeply analytical conversation spanning leveraged ETFs, volatility, and the future of performance measurement. Hank walks us through his latest research on leveraged single-stock ETFs, clarifying the misunderstood concept of "volatility decay" and decomposing returns into rebalancing effects and frictions. The results are striking: meaningful underperformance relative to simple levered benchmarks, driven by both embedded costs and the mechanics of daily resets. In the second half, we shift gears to a more foundational question: What is a return, really? Hank challenges the dominance of arithmetic averages and even geometric means, arguing that neither truly captures the long-term investor experience. He introduces the concept of the sustainable return—a measure based on the cash flows an investment can support without depleting capital—and outlines how it could reshape academic finance and real-world financial planning. Key Points From This Episode: (0:01:03) Welcome back to Hank Bessembinder and overview of his recent research. (0:06:16) What "volatility decay" really means—and why the term may be misleading. (0:09:16) Why volatility does not necessarily reduce mean returns in constant leverage ETFs. (0:10:11) Ex-ante decision-making and the wedge between mean and median outcomes. (0:11:26) Single-stock vs. index leveraged ETFs: Similar mechanics, different magnitudes. (0:12:52) Why past research has been so cautionary about long-term use of leveraged ETFs. (0:15:53) How rebalancing costs differ for long and short leveraged products. (0:16:57) The benchmark: Levered buy-and-hold versus constant daily rebalancing. (0:19:46) Empirical results: Long funds underperform by ~0.8% per month; short funds by ~1% per month. (0:21:10) Decomposing underperformance into rebalancing effects and frictions. (0:24:15) The real (though rare) possibility of returns below –100% in leveraged products. (0:27:04) Simulation results over 50 years: Skewness, negative medians, and rebalancing drag. (0:28:38) Why volatility tends to coincide with reversals—and why reversals drive rebalancing costs. (0:31:15) Practical guidance: Who, if anyone, should use leveraged single-stock ETFs. (0:34:58) The limitations of arithmetic means and single-period models. (0:36:55) Why aggregate investors are not buy-and-hold investors. (0:39:17) The shortcomings of arithmetic averages, alphas, and Sharpe ratios for long-horizon measurement. (0:42:38) Why log returns don't solve the core measurement problems. (0:44:56) The case for dollar-weighted returns and the limitations of IRRs. (0:48:18) Modified IRRs and their role in capturing aggregate investor outcomes. (0:50:14) Introducing the sustainable return: Measuring what can be withdrawn without depleting capital. (0:53:22) Expected sustainable return and its close relationship to the geometric mean. (0:56:09) Proportional sustainable return and withdrawal-based performance measurement. (1:00:00) Individual stock returns through the lens of sustainable returns. (1:00:53) Nudging academic finance beyond the "econometric streetlight." Links From Today's Episode: Meet with PWL Capital: https://calendly.com/d/3vm-t2j-h3p Rational Reminder on iTunes — https://itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/the-rational-reminder-podcast/id1426530582. Rational Reminder on Instagram — https://www.instagram.com/rationalreminder/ Rational Reminder on YouTube — https://www.youtube.com/channel/ Benjamin Felix — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/ Benjamin on X — https://x.com/benjaminwfelix Benjamin on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/benjaminwfelix/ Cameron Passmore — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/ Cameron on X — https://x.com/CameronPassmore Cameron on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/cameronpassmore/ Editing and post-production work for this episode was provided by The Podcast Consultant (https://thepodcastconsultant.com)
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    1 h et 6 min
  • Episode 396: Theresa Ebden - Protecting Investors at the OSC

    Episode 396: Theresa Ebden - Protecting Investors at the OSC
    Feb 12 2026

    In this episode of the Rational Reminder Podcast, we are joined by Theresa Ebden, Vice President of the Investor Office at the Ontario Securities Commission, for a deep dive into how regulators are thinking about modern investor risks—from AI-powered scams to finfluencers and the gamification of investing apps. Theresa explains how the OSC works to protect investors through policy, education, behavioral research, and direct engagement with the public, and why investor education is one of the most powerful tools regulators have.



    Key Points From This Episode:

    (0:01:55) Overview of the OSC and why its investor research and education work matters.

    (5:42) What the Ontario Securities Commission does and its mandate to protect investors and capital markets.

    (6:25) Inside the OSC Investor Office: policy, education and outreach, and the investor contact centre.

    (9:28) How the Investor Office identifies priority issues using inquiry data, behavioral insights, and global collaboration.

    (12:11) The nature of investor inquiries: fraud, crypto confusion, complaints, and recovery room scams.

    (14:01) How contact-centre data feeds into education, outreach, and policy responses.

    (16:07) Overview of GetSmarterAboutMoney.ca and its role in investor education.

    (20:43) Major retail investor risks today: AI-enhanced scams, finfluencers, dark patterns, and gamification.

    (24:43) What to do if you're impersonated by AI in scam advertisements.

    (29:28) What a "finfluencer" is and the different categories they fall into.

    (31:01) Research findings on how strongly finfluencers influence investor decisions.

    (32:55) Why non-investors are especially vulnerable to finfluencer advice and social-media scams.

    (36:11) How investors can evaluate online financial advice and check credentials.

    (38:02) Regulatory challenges in overseeing finfluencers and online financial content.

    (41:04) How AI magnifies traditional scams and why AI-enhanced fraud is more effective.

    (43:42) Mitigation strategies: education, just-in-time warnings, and system-level tools.

    (47:25) Relationship investment scams and why they are especially damaging.

    (52:53) Research on gamification in investing apps and its effects on investor behavior.

    (55:25) The Get Smarter About Trading simulator and how it demonstrates gamification effects.

    (57:19) How gamification can be used positively to improve diversification and outcomes.

    (58:16) Theresa's perspective on success and her focus on improving the individual investor experience.



    Links From Today's Episode:

    Meet with PWL Capital: https://calendly.com/d/3vm-t2j-h3p

    Rational Reminder on iTunes — https://itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/the-rational-reminder-podcast/id1426530582.
    Rational Reminder on Instagram — https://www.instagram.com/rationalreminder/

    Rational Reminder on YouTube — https://www.youtube.com/channel/
    Benjamin Felix — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/

    Benjamin on X — https://x.com/benjaminwfelix

    Benjamin on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/benjaminwfelix/

    Dan Bortolotti — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/

    Dan Bortolotti on LinkedIn — https://ca.linkedin.com/in/dan-bortolotti-8a482310



    Editing and post-production work for this episode was provided by The Podcast Consultant (https://thepodcastconsultant.com)
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    1 h et 5 min
  • Episode 395: Charles Chaffin - The Psychology of Financial Planning

    Episode 395: Charles Chaffin - The Psychology of Financial Planning
    Feb 5 2026
    Ben Felix and Braden Warwick are joined by Dr. Charles Chaffin, a leading voice in financial psychology, to explore why investors so often act against their own best interests—and how better tools and frameworks can help bridge the gap between rational plans and real human behavior. The conversation blends behavioral finance, goal setting, and risk profiling, while also introducing a new evidence-based risk tolerance questionnaire now being made publicly available to listeners. The episode digs into why humans are wired for short-term survival rather than long-term optimization, how biases and environment shape financial decisions, and why coaching—not transactions—is becoming the advisor's most important role. Charles explains concepts like money scripts, financial flashpoints, identity-based goals, and financial self-efficacy, tying them directly to investing behavior and client outcomes. The discussion also goes deep on financial risk tolerance: what it really is, why people consistently misjudge it, and why psychometric tools outperform traditional questionnaires. Key Points From This Episode: (0:00:00) Introduction to Episode 395 and guest Dr. Charles Chaffin (0:01:15) Charles' background in financial planning psychology and authorship (0:02:30) Why PWL wanted to move beyond the Grable–Lytton Risk Tolerance Scale (0:03:40) Introduction to the Money and Risk Inventory (MRI) and full disclosure (0:04:55) Announcement: Public access to a psychometric risk tolerance questionnaire (0:05:10) Risk tolerance vs. risk capacity—and how PWL combines both (0:06:43) Why firms must map risk scores to asset allocations themselves (0:08:35) The role of psychology in financial planning beyond technical advice (0:10:17) The Klontz–Chaffin model of financial psychology (0:12:05) Why humans are "bad with money": survival brains and emotions (0:13:30) How heuristics and biases derail long-term planning (0:15:42) Tools for overcoming bias: automation, pre-commitment, and friction (0:21:29) How environment and social context shape financial behavior (0:26:38) Financial flashpoints and their lasting impact on risk tolerance (0:29:35) Financial self-efficacy and why low confidence leads to avoidance (0:36:01) Money scripts: avoidant, worship, status, and vigilant (0:40:07) Why understanding your own money scripts matters (0:41:19) Common behaviors that lead to poor financial outcomes (0:42:59) Practical strategies for recognizing and mitigating bad behaviors (0:48:22) The role of identity in goal setting (0:50:07) Why goals matter for motivation and behavior alignment (0:52:56) Intrinsic vs. extrinsic goals and self-determination theory (0:58:26) When quitting a goal is the right decision (1:00:26) What financial risk tolerance really is (1:02:16) Why people consistently misjudge their own risk tolerance (1:03:31) How stable risk tolerance is over time—and what changes it (1:05:12) Why reassessing risk tolerance regularly improves outcomes (1:06:05) Handling couples with mismatched risk profiles (1:07:37) Psychometric vs. revealed-preference risk questionnaires (1:09:30) Evidence showing psychometric tools better explain real risk-taking (1:10:39) Where traditional risk tolerance questionnaires fall short Links From Today's Episode: PWL Risk Profile Tool — https://research-tools.pwlcapital.com/research/risk-profile Meet with PWL Capital: https://calendly.com/d/3vm-t2j-h3p Rational Reminder on iTunes — https://itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/the-rational-reminder-podcast/id1426530582. Rational Reminder on Instagram — https://www.instagram.com/rationalreminder/ Rational Reminder on YouTube — https://www.youtube.com/channel/ Benjamin Felix — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/ Benjamin on X — https://x.com/benjaminwfelix Benjamin on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/benjaminwfelix/ Editing and post-production work for this episode was provided by The Podcast Consultant (https://thepodcastconsultant.com)
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    1 h et 21 min
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Every week this podcast presents curated information on how to be a better investor and live a happier and more fulfilling life.

changed my perspective and life

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Absolutely best personal finance podcast.
The two hosts do an incredibly week thought out job at providing educational information. All the information is based on academic research and referenced.

Through this podcast I not only developed my financial literacy tenfold, but also my curiosity on many different subjects and my drive to read more!

Thanks a million keep up the great work!

Life changing

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These guys do a great job of deciphering the topics of discussion. Easy to follow and understand if you're not in the industry yourself, but have a genuine interest. To top it all off, they have top notch guests on the show, who have incredible depth of experience in their respective fields.

Worth your time if you enjoy finance, markets and investing

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