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The Stress Puzzle

The Stress Puzzle

Auteur(s): Dr. Ryan L. Brown and the UCSF Stress Measurement Network
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 The Stress Puzzle engages both researchers and the broader community in the cutting-edge field of stress science by promoting high-quality research that doesn't shy away from the nuances of the work.2024 Hygiène et mode de vie sain Science Sciences sociales
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  • Rising Economic Inequality: How social class shapes our lives with Dr. Michael Kraus

    Rising Economic Inequality: How social class shapes our lives with Dr. Michael Kraus
    Oct 28 2025
    For this episode, I spoke with Dr. Michael Kraus about the widening gap between the richest and the poorest in our society (aka rising economic inequality). We discussed how social class shapes every domain of our lives and how class segregation creates distinct cultural patterns and norms. Dr. Kraus also emphasized how quickly and acurately people can perceive social class, the psychological mechanisms that perpetuate inequality, and the profound ways economic inequality affects our social interactions and well-being on a daily basis. Dr. Michael Kraus is a Professor of Psychology at Northwestern University and Morton O. Schapiro Faculty Fellow at the Institute for Policy Research. Dr. Kraus is a social psychologist who studies how inequality fundamentally shapes the dynamics of human social interactions. Much of his research focuses on the behavioral and emotional states that maintain and perpetuate economic and racial inequality in society. His research is consistently published in top journals and has been highlighted by numerous media outlets including ABC World News, National Public Radio, and the Wall Street Journal. Topics Discussed: Social RankSocial HierarchiesSocial ClassRelative RankSocioeconomic (SES) StatusSocietal HealthEconomic InequalityPower/AgencySocial Mobility Perception/Status Signals Papers and Resources Discussed: Tan, J. J. X., Kraus, M. W., Carpenter, N. C., & Adler, N. E. (2020). The association between objective and subjective socioeconomic status and subjective well-being: A meta-analytic review. Psychological bulletin, 146(11), 970–1020. Kraus, M. W., Adler, N., & Chen, T. W. (2013). Is the association of subjective SES and self-rated health confounded by negative mood? An experimental approach. Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 32(2), 138–145. Pew Research Center on Global Economic InequalityKraus, M. W., Piff, P. K., & Keltner, D. (2011). Social Class as Culture: The Convergence of Resources and Rank in the Social Realm. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(4), 246–250. Kraus, M. W., Park, J. W., & Tan, J. J. X. (2017). Signs of Social Class: The Experience of Economic Inequality in Everyday Life. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(3), 422–435. Kraus, M. W., & Tan, J. J. X. (2015). Americans overestimate social class mobility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 58, 101–111. Carey, R. M., & Markus, H. R. (2017). Social class shapes the form and function of relationships and selves. Current Opinion in Psychology, 18, 123–130. Markus, H. R. (2017). In This Together: Doing and Undoing Inequality and Social Class Divides. Journal of Social Issues, 73(1), 211–221. Becker, J. C., Kraus, M. W., & Rheinschmidt-Same, M. (2017). Cultural Expressions of Social Class and Their Implications for Group-Related Beliefs and Behaviors. Journal of Social Issues, 73(1), 158–174. Work of Nancy AdlerWork of Frantz FanonWork of Jim Sidanius Stress Puzzle episode on Sir Michael Marmot's contributions -- The Stress Puzzle is hosted by Dr. Ryan L. Brown (https://www.ryanlinnbrown.com/) and supported by the UCSF Stress Measurement Network, an NIH/NIA funded network which aims to better understand the relationship between stress and health by improving the measurement of stress in research studies. Learn more about available resources to support stress research at: www.stressmeasurement.org. Have burning questions about stress? Email us at stresspuzzlepod@gmail.com and we may feature your question in a future episode!
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    28 min
  • Political Polarization and Health: Navigating the social media divide with Dr. Jay Van Bavel

    Political Polarization and Health: Navigating the social media divide with Dr. Jay Van Bavel
    Sep 30 2025
    For this episode, I spoke with Dr. Jay Van Bavel about political polarization as a threat to individual and societal health, which is particularly salient as we're seeing more politically-motivated violence. Specifically, we discussed the dangers of rising political polarization, how social media incentives contribute to polarization, and why we should consider political polarization as a social determinant of health. Through this episode, listeners will learn more about the psychological mechanisms behind polarization, potential interventions to reduce social and political tensions, and how social media drives polarization. Dr. Jay Van Bavel is a Professor of Psychology & Neural Science at New York University, an affiliate at the Stern School of Business in Management and Organizations, Professor at the Norwegian School of Economics, and Director of the Center for Conflict & Cooperation. His research examines how collective concerns—group identities, moral values, and political beliefs—shape the mind, brain, and behavior. He studies these issues using a combination of neuroimaging, lesion patients, social cognitive tasks, economic tasks, cross-cultural surveys, and computational social science. Dr. Van Bavel has published over 150 academic papers in top journals (including in Science, Nature, PNAS) and is a Clarivate highly cited researcher (meaning he's in the top 1% of researchers worldwide!). Beyond his research, I deeply admire his excellent science communication and the way he has translated his research for both the public and policymakers. For example, he co-authored The Power of Us: Harnessing Our Shared Identities to Improve Performance, Increase Cooperation, and Promote Social Harmony (which won the APA William James Book Award). His work has also been cited in the US Supreme Court and Senate and he has consulted with the White House, United Nations, European Union, and World Health Organization. Topics Discussed: Social IdentityPolitical PolarizationIdeological PolarizationAffective PolarizationPartisanship/Partisan AnimosityIn-Group/Out-GroupMegastudyInformation SharingMisinformation/DisinformationSocial InclusionSocial MediaPsychology of ViralityScience CommunicationTrust in Science Papers and Resources Discussed: Van Bavel, J.J., Gadarian, S.K., Knowles, E., & Ruggeri K. (2024). Political polarization and health. Nature Medicine, 30(11), 3085–3093. World Economic Forum Global Risks Report 2024Bavel, J.J.V., Baicker, K., Boggio, P.S. et al. Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nat Hum Behav 4, 460–471 (2020). Rathje, S., & Van Bavel, J. J. (2025). The psychology of virality. Trends in cognitive sciences, S1364-6613(25)00173-1. Advance online publication. Brady, W. J., & Van Bavel, J. J. (2025). Social identity shapes antecedents and functional outcomes of moral emotion expression. Journal of experimental psychology. General, 154(6), 1505–1522. Voelkel, J. G., Stagnaro, M. N., Chu, J. Y., Pink, S. L., Mernyk, J. S., Redekopp, C., Ghezae, I., Cashman, M., Adjodah, D., Allen, L. G., Allis, L. V., Baleria, G., Ballantyne, N., Van Bavel, J. J., Blunden, H., Braley, A., Bryan, C. J., Celniker, J. B., Cikara, M., Clapper, M. V., … Willer, R. (2024). Megastudy testing 25 treatments to reduce antidemocratic attitudes and partisan animosity. Science (New York, N.Y.), 386(6719), eadh4764. Further Readings and Resources: Van Bavel, J. J., & Pereira, A. (2018). The partisan brain: An identity-based model of political belief. Trends in cognitive sciences, 22(3), 213-224.Van Bavel, J. J., Robertson, C. E., Del Rosario, K., Rasmussen, J., & Rathje, S. (2024). Social media and morality. Annual review of psychology, 75(1), 311-340.Finkel, E. J., Bail, C. A., Cikara, M., Ditto, P. H., Iyengar, S., Klar, S., ... & Druckman, J. N. (2020). Political sectarianism in America. Science, 370(6516), 533-536.Rathje, S., Van Bavel, J. J., & Van Der Linden, S. (2021). Out-group animosity drives engagement on social media. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 118(26), e2024292118.Van Bavel, J. J., Harris, E. A., Pärnamets, P., Rathje, S., Doell, K. C., & Tucker, J. A. (2021). Political psychology in the digital (mis) information age: A model of news belief and sharing. Social Issues and Policy Review, 15(1), 84-113.Brady, W. J., Gantman, A. P., & Van Bavel, J. J. (2020). Attentional capture helps explain why moral and emotional content go viral. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 149(4), 746.Rathje, Steve, James K. He, Jon Roozenbeek, Jay J. Van Bavel, and Sander Van Der Linden. "Social media behavior is associated with vaccine hesitancy." PNAS nexus 1, no. 4 (2022): pgac207.Van Bavel, J. J., Harris, E. A., Pärnamets, P., Rathje, S., Doell, K. C., & Tucker, J. A. (2021). Political psychology in the digital (mis) information age: A model of news belief and sharing. Social Issues and Policy Review, 15(1), 84-113. -- The Stress...
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    29 min
  • Interwoven Histories of Stress and Emotion Research with Dr. Wendy Berry Mendes

    Interwoven Histories of Stress and Emotion Research with Dr. Wendy Berry Mendes
    Aug 27 2025

    Season 2 is here and we're focused on stress in context! In this episode, I chatted with Dr. Wendy Berry Mendes about the evolution of stress and emotion research and how these fields have grown together. We also talk about distinctions between stress and emotions, and how their differences lead to meaningful differences in measurement. We wrap up with a discussion around the importance of contextual factors (like culture or social status) in stress and emotion research and give examples of how context can affect the experience and expression of emotions.

    Dr. Wendy Berry Mendes is the Chris Argyris Professor of Psychology at Yale University, where she also leads the Emotion, Health and Psychophysiology lab. She's an international leader in social psychophysiology and has trained generations of students. She's a rigorous experimentalist, which has led to dozens of discoveries about the human social stress response. Her research on stress often goes beyond thinking about the individual to characterize how one person's stress impacts another person's emotions and physiology. Learn more about her research: https://www.wendyberrymendes.com/

    Topics Discussed:

    • Emotions, Emotion Regulation, Emotion Measurement
    • Acute Stress, Chronic Stress, Good vs. Bad Stress
    • Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System Responses
    • Stress and Coping, Coping Styles, Coping Strategies
    • Cognition and Emotion

    Papers and Resources Discussed:

    • Shenhav, A., & Mendes, W. B. (2014). Aiming for the stomach and hitting the heart: dissociable triggers and sources for disgust reactions. Emotion, 14(2), 301–309.
    • Stress Measurement Network's Physiological Toolbox: https://www.stressmeasurement.org/physiological-measures
    • Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 6(3–4), 169–200.
    • Ekman, P. (1989). The argument and evidence about universals in facial expressions of emotion. In H. Wagner & A. Manstead (Eds.), Handbook of social psychophysiology (pp. 143–164). John Wiley & Sons.

    --

    The Stress Puzzle is hosted by Dr. Ryan L. Brown (https://www.ryanlinnbrown.com/) and supported by the UCSF Stress Measurement Network, an NIH/NIA funded network which aims to better understand the relationship between stress and health by improving the measurement of stress in research studies. Learn more about available resources to support stress research at: www.stressmeasurement.org.

    Have burning questions about stress? Email us at stresspuzzlepod@gmail.com and we may feature your question in a future episode!
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    41 min
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