Why did Paul end his masterpiece in Romans with a promise that “all Israel will be saved”? What does that mean - and has it already happened, or is it still to come?

In this wide-ranging conversation with Dr. Michael Brown, author of Our Hands Are Stained with Blood and host of The Line of Fire, we trace how Romans 9–11 reveals the continuity of God’s plan for Israel and the nations.

Dr. Brown unpacks Paul’s argument verse by verse, explains why replacement theology opened the door to antisemitism in church history, and clarifies how “all Israel” refers to a future national turning to Messiah - not merely a cumulative remnant.

We also talk about the surge of antisemitism after October 7, the confusion in the modern church, and why believers must recover a biblical vision of Israel’s role in redemptive history. This isn’t a side issue. It’s the center of the gospel’s story of mercy.

Key Takeaways

• Romans 11 completes the gospel logic: if Israel’s rejection brought salvation to the world, her acceptance will bring life from the dead.
• “All Israel” means a future national turning, not just a historical remnant.
• The gifts and calling of God are irrevocable - for Israel and for the Church.
• Replacement theology helped pave the way for centuries of antisemitism.
• Understanding Israel clarifies the gospel’s continuity from Abraham to today.
• The Church’s calling is to provoke Israel to envy, not erase her identity.
• God’s covenant faithfulness guarantees Israel’s future redemption.

Chapter Markers 00:00 – Intro + welcome to Dr. Michael Brown 05:00 – Antisemitism and replacement theology after October 7 09:30 – Romans 9–11 overview - Paul’s logic for Israel’s future 15:40 – “All Israel will be saved”: what Paul actually meant 18:00 – Grafted in vs. replaced - understanding the olive tree 24:00 – How the Church lost its Jewish roots 31:00 – The rise of antisemitism in a TikTok generation 36:00 – What believers can do now - pray, speak, stand 44:00 – Dr. Brown’s upcoming debates & resource

Romans 11 ends with worship because God’s mercy story ends in faithfulness. “All Israel will be saved” is not wishful thinking - it’s covenant reality. Listen to the full episode, explore more resources at The Jewish Road, join our Israel trip (March 21–31), and become one of The Few who help us bring clarity to the Church and comfort to Israel.