Titres dans Moyen Âge

Una strada, o meglio una rete di strade, un fascio di percorsi terrestri e marittimi hanno spostato nel corso dei secoli uomini, merci e conoscenze dall'estremità orientale dell'Asia sino al Mediterraneo e all'Europa. Romantica e recente, l'espressione "via della seta" restituisce il senso di un mondo vasto, attraversato fin dai tempi antichi da guerre e conflitti ma animato anche dal fervore di scambi commerciali, culturali e politici. Fra montagne e altipiani per questo cammino sono transitati spezie, animali, ceramiche, cobalto, carta, e naturalmente la seta.

The name Giotto di Bondone may not be as well-known as Leonardo da Vinci, but it was Giotto who made da Vinci and his contemporaries of the Renaissance possible. Giotto, born in the late 13th century, was the first painter to escape the artistic chains of the Dark Ages and revive the natural art of Ancient Greece. Instead of creating flat, expressionless figures, as was the custom of the Middle Ages, Giotto painted characters with personalities and emotions.

The Crusades were a series of holy wars fought between Christians and Muslims over the ownership of certain holy sites held sacred by the Muslims, Christians, and Jews. These wars were bloody, violent, and cataclysmic. What caused them, and how did they happen? You’ll listen about: East meets West, the Crusaders, Crusader kingdoms and new venues, life as a Crusader, side Campaigns, war unending, sputtering little Crusades, the end of Holy War in the Holy Land, and much more!

Dos manuscritos completos en un audiolibro: Inglaterra Medieval y Carta Magna. La historia de la Inglaterra medieval comienza con la caída del Imperio romano en el siglo quinto. En el siglo XI, la élite anglosajona fue completamente reemplazada por los normandos invasores. Guillermo el Conquistador y sus sucesores trajeron novedades a Inglaterra, como castillos y caballería. La última fase de la Inglaterra medieval comenzó con la gran hambruna y la peste negra en el siglo XIV, cuando se perdieron millones de vidas.

La historia de la Inglaterra medieval comienza con la caída del Imperio romano en el siglo quinto. En el siglo XI, la élite anglosajona fue completamente reemplazada por los normandos invasores. Guillermo el Conquistador y sus sucesores trajeron novedades a Inglaterra, como castillos y caballería. La última fase de la Inglaterra medieval comenzó con la gran hambruna y la peste negra en el siglo XIV, cuando se perdieron millones de vidas, lo que provocó que Inglaterra perdiera la mitad de su población.

This is the history of an era dominated by militancy: Both warlike and religious, if the two can be separated. The true interest in the centuries of the early Middle Ages lies with the gradual evolution of new forms of military efficiency, which ended in the establishment of a military caste (knights) as the chief power in war and the human mechanism of government. The existence of feudalism and its association with the Christian Church is one of the most important factors concerning the Middle Ages.

Despite the pope’s aversion to temporal glory, his authority tended to fill the vacuum in the West left when the last Western Roman emperor, Romulus Augustus, was deposed in 476. The pope would continue to do so until 800, when Charlemagne would allow himself to be crowned Emperor of the West in Rome upon receiving his crown from Pope Leo III. This created modern Europe and was the culmination of two centuries of papal policy aimed at securing its independence from the Byzantine Empire in Constantinople.

Discover the leaders of the Knights Templar, the fiercest warriors of the Church during the Crusades, from beginning to end. The Knights Templar is one of history’s greatest mysteries. They began as a completely transparent, public apparatus of European Christendom in the Middle Ages but eventually transformed into what many would regard as a secret society. Leading the Knights throughout these changes were their Grand Masters. These men were military as well as spiritual masters who led by their own example.

The Middle Ages witnessed almost constant warfare in Europe, so mercenaries were a constant on the battlefield, but the 15th century also saw the rise of mercenary usage by the increasingly wealthy aristocracy. One of the finest groups of mercenaries were the Landsknechts from central and northern Europe. The term means “servant of the country”, and they mostly served the Holy Roman Empire, first under Emperor Maximilian I (r. 1508-1519) and then under his successors.

Armenian Edessa was a Christian city overrun by Muslims. The church called for a crusade to rescue the city and the Knights Templar would guide and protect these crusaders and the Armenians.

La Carta Magna es reconocida como uno de los documentos más importantes de la historia de la humanidad. Es la principal fuente de derecho constitucional en todo el mundo, y ofrece a las personas libertades y protección frente al poder arbitrario del gobierno. Sin embargo, es también un conjunto de promesas extraídas a mala fe de un rey no comprometido, y esas promesas lidiaban con los problemas de la aristocracia del siglo XIII.

The Crypto-Jews: The History of the Forcibly Converted Jews Who Secretly Practiced Judaism During the Inquisition examines the origins of the group, the laws that discriminated against them, and the efforts to maintain Jewish identity in Spain. You will learn about the crypto-Jews like never before.

La enorme cantidad de combatientes que periódicamente zarpaban hacia el Cercano Oriente para luchar contra los musulmanes son una prueba de la popularidad generalizada del aventurerismo en el extranjero en ese momento. La idea de una cruzada, en la que grandes ejércitos procedentes de varias regiones de Europa se reunían con el fin de luchar contra los musulmanes turcos y árabes, quedó tan arraigada que se amplió para incluir a las cruzadas contra las sectas cristianas europeas heréticas.

La enorme cantidad de combatientes que periódicamente zarpaban hacia el Cercano Oriente para luchar contra los musulmanes son una prueba de la popularidad generalizada del aventurerismo en el extranjero en ese momento. La idea de una cruzada, en la que grandes ejércitos procedentes de varias regiones de Europa se reunían con el fin de luchar contra los musulmanes turcos y árabes, quedó tan arraigada que se amplió para incluir a las cruzadas contra las sectas cristianas europeas heréticas.

Egypt in the 13th century was a glorious kingdom to behold. However, there was another factor that made Cairo infamous. The city represented the last bastion of the Muslim world. In 1258, the Mongols sacked Baghdad, destroying the capital of the mighty Islamic Abbasid Caliphate, which was a major blow to the Islamic world. The Mongol armies continued west into the holy land of Syria and Palestine. There, the Mongols met the foe to rival them in war: The Mamluks. Hailing from the Eurasian steppes, the Mamluks were not Arab, but ethnically Turkish, enslaved at a young age.

In 1938, the Soviet Union film company Mosfilm released the motion picture Alexander Nevsky, directed by Sergei Eisenstein. It is a historical drama depicting the defense of the Republic of Novgorod against an invasion of the Teutonic Knights in the mid-13th century. The eponymous hero of the story, the Prince of Novgorod, leads his troops against the German knights on a field of solid ice.

The High Middle Ages had seen a rise in Western Europe’s population in previous centuries, but these gains were almost entirely erased as the plague spread rapidly across all of Europe from 1346-1353. Fighting the Plague in Antiquity and the Middle Ages looks at the ways past societies have striven to cope with epidemics and the various remedies - some bizarre, some desperate, others logical but nonetheless misguided - they employed. The approaches include an eclectic mix of medicine, supernatural rituals, religion, and philosophy.

Before the Mongols rode across the steppes of Asia and Eastern Europe, the Cumans were a major military and cultural force that monarchs from China to Hungary and from Russia to the Byzantine Empire faced, often losing armies and cities in the process. The Cumans were a tribe of Turkic nomads who rode the steppes looking for plunder and riches, but they rarely stayed long after they got what they wanted. From the late 9th century until the arrival of the Mongols in 1223, there was virtually nothing that could be done to stop the Cumans.

The history of Ukraine is a fascinating story of how cultures, political systems, religions, and power have met, intersected, morphed, and expanded. The region was relatively sparsely populated for much of ancient history, a wilderness of rivers, forests, and steppes, but that does not detract from the rich historical development of the region.

Uno de los períodos menos entendidos de la historia europea ocurrió entre el siglo VI y el siglo XIV o XV (dependiendo del historiador que pregunte). Comúnmente llamado la Edad Media, este fue un período de cambio extremo para Europa, que comenzó con la caída del Imperio romano de Occidente. Para un continente que había visto un cambio drástico en la estructura de poder, el mundo parecía ser particularmente duro. Roma había sido un jugador importante en toda Europa durante más de un milenio. Luego desapareció.