Ancient Middle East History

Michael Klein details the careers of these fascinating women and explores how many important events they were instrumental in. With thorough research, Cleopatra and Nefertiti: Beyond Their Beauty and Seduction will open your eyes to the strength and audacity of these two queens.

You may have studied the ancient Persian Empire in school, but have you ever wondered what kinds of stories the ancient Persians told to themselves and their children? The roots of Persian myth extend back more than five thousand years to the culture of the Aryan people who migrated into Iran from India. Ideas from this ancient culture have enjoyed amazing longevity and are alive even today as part of the Zoroastrian faith, which is still practiced in Iran, India, and several other places around the world.

Using the writings of Cosmas and a wealth of other historical and archaeological evidence from the period, eminent historian G. W. Bowersock carefully reconstructs this fascinating but overlooked chapter in pre-Islamic Arabian history. The flashpoint of the war, Bowersock tells us, occurred when Yusuf, the Jewish king of Himyar, massacred hundreds of Christians living in Najran. The Christian ruler of Ethiopia, Kaleb, urged on by the Byzantine emperor Justin, led a force of 120,000 men across the Red Sea to defeat Yusuf.

The Assyrian Empire was a Mesopotamian kingdom and empire of the ancient Middle East that existed as a state from perhaps as early as the 25th century BC until it fell apart between 612 BC and 609 BC - spanning the periods of the Bronze Age to the late Iron Age. Babylonia was an area in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and Syria). It was only a small provincial town during the Akkadian Empire (2335–2154 BC) yet it greatly expanded during Hammurabi's reign in the 18th century BC.

The reign of Hammurabi is a convenient point at which to observe general changes in and later introductions to the pantheon of the Sumerian gods. The political alterations in the kingdom were reflected in the sacred circle. Certain gods were relegated to the cold shades of obscurity, while new deities were adopted and others, hitherto regarded as negligible quantities, were exalted to the heights of heavenly omnipotence. The worship of Merodach first came into prominence in the days of Hammurabi.

The name of Sargon of Agade, or Akkad, bulks mainly in later Mesopoatmian tradition, and modern writers have regarded his reign as marking the most critical epoch in the ancient history of his country. The reference in the text of Nabonidus to the age of Naram-Sin has caused the Dynasty of Akkad to be taken as the canon, or standard, by which to measure the relative age of other dynasties or of rulers whose inscriptions have from time to time been recovered upon various early Mesopotamian sites.

The Anunnaki in the Epic of Gilgamesh compared to the Nephilim Flood Narrative? Scholars have long debated whether the Anunnaki in the Epic of Gilgamesh is the same beings as the Nephilim of Genesis 6. There is a direct connection between these two groups of entities which sheds light on this critical question. One of the biggest problems with interpreting certain parts of ancient texts, such as the Book of Genesis, and other writings, can be traced back to an almost fanatical obsession.

The belief in prophets is as old as religion itself. Throughout several millennia, cultures across the world have attributed special significance (and sometimes great power) to those who they believe speak to their gods, from the Ancient Greeks to followers of Zoroastrianism. The tradition of prophets is especially prevalent in Judaism and Christianity, with prophets like Isaiah and Jeremiah being among the most famous historical figures in the Bible.

The history of the Persian Empire (or Empires) stretches from ancient times well into the 20th century. Through biblical events, to the dawn and spread of Islam, to the revolutions of the 20th century, Persia - or Iran - has played an integral role in nearly all major events of world history. Uncover the fascinating story of this influential and unique civilization.

Because Israel has contributed so much to all of us, what was once just an Israelite culture has grown to become what is by and large an inherited world culture. As the scriptures promised to Abraham, "I will make your descendants countless as the dust of the earth; if anyone could count the dust upon the ground, then he could count your descendants." I believe that this scripture does hold true.

When American archaeologists discovered a collection of cuneiform tablets in Iraq in the late 19th century, they were confronted with a language and a people who were at the time only scarcely known to even the most knowledgeable scholars of ancient Mesopotamia: the Sumerians.

No Sumerian myths have been recovered dealing directly and explicitly with the creation of the Universe; what little is known about the Sumerian cosmogonic ideas has been inferred and deduced from laconic statements scattered throughout the literary documents. We have several myths concerned with the organization of the Universe and its cultural processes, the creation of man, and the establishment of civilization.

You are in luck, because you are getting extra material out of this combo. The following topics are going to be addressed: the Akkadian Empire, one of the oldest civilizations we know of, dating back to a few thousand years BC; the Byzantine Empire, a vast empire that lasted for hundreds of years and has had a major impact on the world religions and politics even into the past century; the Mongolian Empire, which was not to be trifled with; and the Ottoman Empire, which was so big and lasted for so long, yet it is one of those empires that many common people have forgotten about.

Africa may have given rise to the first human beings, and Egypt probably gave rise to the first great civilizations, which continue to fascinate modern societies across the globe nearly 5,000 years later. From the Library and Lighthouse of Alexandria to the Great Pyramid at Giza, the Ancient Egyptians produced several wonders of the world, revolutionized architecture and construction, created some of the world’s first systems of mathematics and medicine, and established language and art that spread across the known world.

Learn the secrets of the pharaohs and Ancient Egypt! No matter how much you know about modern culture, there's no escaping the fact that ancient myths still impact our world today. Have you ever wondered why ancient Egyptian mythology has stood the test of time? Ancient Egyptian Mythology can give you a better understanding of Egypt and its culture.

Egypt's geographical isolation and the unique geography of the Nile Valley are thought to have been responsible for its long existence. Because of military control, astronomical concepts in Egypt became so ingrained and inseparable from everyday concerns that they became an integral part of life. As your gaze rises to the horizons of Egypt, you can see the movement of the stars and planets: the climatic conditions never change. Besides this, Egypt also enjoys a cloudless sky almost all the time and a latitude that allows the most densely populated regions of the heavens to be viewed.

In 1798, an initial review of France’s naval forces had led Napoleon to conclude his navy could not hope to outfight the power of the Royal Navy, which had been the dominant naval power for centuries, so he was forced to look elsewhere. After months of planning, Napoleon crafted a scheme to attack and conquer Egypt, denying the British easy access to their colonies in India, with the ultimate goal of linking up with the Sultan Tipoo in India itself and defeating the British in the field there.

Cette édition traduite en français explique comment l’ancienne Égypte est à l’origine de l’alchimie et du Soufisme contemporain et comment les mystiques d’Égypte camouflent leurs pratiques sous une mince couche d’Islam. Le livre explique également la progression de la Voie mystique vers l’illumination, avec une explication cohérente de ses bases et de ses pratiques. Il montre la correspondance entre le calendrier de l’ancienne Égypte marquant les événements et les cycles cosmiques de l’univers.

Los antiguos israelitas introdujeron una de las primeras religiones monoteístas del mundo. ¡Y todavía hoy se practica! Los antiguos israelitas emergieron desde el monte Sinaí en las llanuras montañosas de Canaán y establecieron una civilización que perduró durante cientos de años. Incluso cuando los israelitas cayeron ante las incursiones de invasores extranjeros y fueron sometidos a torturas y al exilio, se aferraron a su sistema de creencias. Emergieron del cautiverio babilónico como el pueblo de Yehud.

In southern Iraq, a crushing silence hangs over the dunes. For nearly 5,000 years, the sands of the Iraqi desert have held the remains of the oldest known civilization: the Sumerians. When American archaeologists discovered a collection of cuneiform tablets in Iraq in the late 19th century, they were confronted with a language and a people who were at the time only scarcely known to even the most knowledgeable scholars of ancient Mesopotamia.