Europe America

A principios del siglo XVI, los aventureros españoles invadieron las islas del Caribe, México, Centroamérica y Sudamérica. Los exploradores y mercaderes portugueses se adentraron en el océano Índico y llegaron hasta las islas de las Especias del Pacífico Sur. Los nombres de los líderes de estas conquistas ultramarinas son bastante conocidos: Hernán Cortés, Francisco Pizarro, Hernando de Soto, Afonso de Albuquerque y Fernando de Magallanes. Lo que este libro explora son los detalles de sus increíbles vidas al servicio de sus monarcas y de su riqueza personal.

Cabeza de Vaca's mode of transportation, afoot on portions of two continents in the early decades of the 16th century, fits one dictionary definition of the word "pedestrian". By no means, however, should the ancillary meanings of "commonplace" or "prosaic" be applied to the man or his remarkable adventures. Between 1528 and 1536, he trekked an estimated 2480 to 2640 miles of North American terrain from the Texas coast near Galveston Island to San Miguel de Culiacán near the Pacific Coast of Mexico.

One of the greatest military leaders that ever lived, Napoleon left behind a legacy. His work has lived on, years after his death. His Code Napoleon has formed the foundation for most of the legal and parliamentary systems across Europe and the rest of the world today. Such was the impact that Napoleon had on the world.

No one expected that the American colonies might seriously consider fighting their British masters until the infamous Boston massacre of March 1770. On 26 October 1775, George III, King of Great Britain, spoke to Parliament, declaring the American colonies to be in a state of rebellion. Here, for the first time, the use of force was authorized against the rebels.

The West is home to the world's oldest and democracies, and though these democratic governments take many different forms, from America's republican system to Britain's parliamentary system, every democracy and the principles behind it have their origins in the Magna Carta.

De entre todos los conflictos acaecidos en la historia de América, la guerra de 1812 es uno de los más singulares, y clave en el devenir americano. Fue una batalla llena de sorpresas e ironías - las debilidades de ambas partes en el conflicto a lo largo de los dos años de lucha constante terminarían por convertirse en sus respectivas fortalezas.

Considered by some to be far too old for one attempting to rejuvenate the career of a soldier, Baron Johann von de Kalb was a keen student of war with a steady mind and hand. Once able to prove his worth to the Continental Congress, he rose immediately to the rank of brigadier general under George Washington, served with distinction, and died heroically in the Battle of Camden, a battle in the South that foretold the eventual surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown.

Una de las fechas más significativas durante el reinado de los Reyes Católicos fue la del 12 de Octubre de 1492: el día en que Cristóbal Colón descubrió América. El hecho de que Cristóbal Colón (que no era Español de origen) acudiera a una corte extranjera para ofrecer sus servicios prueba que el descubrimiento de América no fue en modo alguno accidental.

La gente solía decir que «el sol nunca se pone en el Imperio británico» como forma de declarar la grandeza de Gran Bretaña. Pero fueron los portugueses quienes forjaron el primer imperio verdaderamente global. Los principales dominios de los portugueses envolvían el globo en línea recta, desde Brasil hasta Angola, desde Mozambique a la India y hasta Macao. Con sus dominios bajo múltiples husos horarios, el sol, de hecho, nunca se puso sobre el Imperio portugués.

In the Age of Exploration, the British began building an enormous and highly profitable foreign empire. While the British Empire initially lagged behind other European powers such as Spain and Portugal, it still managed to colonize the New World and discover highly-lucrative trade routes.

Among America's countless monuments and landmarks, none embodies the principles of the nation quite like Lady Liberty, the colossal statue that stands on Liberty Island in New York Harbor. A gift from the French that was built and transported in the late 19th century, the Statue of Liberty has been a symbol of the United States' guarantee of individual freedom.

Fue una terrible lucha armada librada entre el gobierno mexicano y la Iglesia Católica entre 1926 y 1929. Durante esta, se produjeron severos enfrentamientos entre el gobierno de los presidentes Plutarco Elías Calles, y el de su sucesor, Emilio Portes Gil, contra numerosos grupos de laicos, presbíteros y religiosos, contrarios a las políticas que buscaban restringir la autonomía eclesiástica.

Our region is experiencing a momentous transition. The US-led order is fading, and China has become ever more powerful. Today the question we face is not whether we fancy living in an Asia in which power is shared between the United States and China. It is how we feel about living in an Asia in which America no longer plays any significant strategic role. In this controversial and gripping essay, Hugh White looks at what has happened to the US globally.

Nel 1776 il Secondo Congresso Continentale delle 13 colonie inglesi del Nord America emana la Dichiarazione d'Indipendenza, che spiega e giustifica davanti al mondo intero la condotta ribelle degli Americani contro la madrepatria inglese. Inizia così la storia degli Stati Uniti d'America, l'avventura cioè di quella che sarà la prima potenza mondiale fino ai giorni nostri.

In the summer of 1941, the Atlantic Charter marked the first of many meetings between President Franklin Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill. The Charter laid out eight articles promoting ideals such as equality among nations and promising post-war freedom of the seas. It was ironic that in a conference concerning war aims, the United States was still a neutral country and the British were far from sure they could win the war against Germany.

Of all the goals the Bolshevik Revolution aimed to bring about, perhaps nowhere were Russian promises delivered on more than in the success of the Soviet Space program of the 1950s and 1960s. As a result of Russian innovation and technology, but also due to incredible drive to modernize and compete with the United States for world power, Russia was finally and triumphantly modernized in the eyes of her own people and the world.

Creadas durante la Edad Media como instituciones socio económicas que promovían un trato justo en el cual los encomendados o siervos retribuían equitativamente en trabajo o especies a sus señores o encomenderos, las encomiendas se convirtieron en el eje de un sistema de trabajo forzado de los pueblos indígenas a favor de los conquistadores extranjeros a lo largo del proceso de colonización española de América y Filipinas.

The 16th and 17th centuries saw the emergence of a new threat to government and organized society. Privateers and pirates raided along the coast of powerful countries and were, at times, at war with England, France, and Spain. They developed their own system of rules, a code of morality, and a very rough form of government. Pirates were eventually able to organize behind a captain who eventually would become like a governor with judicial power over all the pirates and control over settlements taken by the pirates in raids.

Il nome collettivo Indiani, o Indios, venne applicato alle popolazioni native americane dagli esploratori spagnoli, e in generale europei, nell’età moderna. Ma cinquecento anni prima, intorno all'anno 1000, da quanto ci viene raccontato nelle saghe vichinghe giunte fino a noi, i nativi americani avevano già avuto qualche incontro più o meno benevolo con gli europei.

On March 19, 2013, Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina became Pope Francis, the 266th Pope of the Catholic Church. His election to the papacy was notable in many ways. He became the first pope from the Americas, the first pope from the Southern Hemisphere, the first non-European pope in more than 1,200 years, the first Jesuit pope, and the first pope to choose the name Francis. Follow Pope Francis's journey to the papacy, from his days as a young chemist, to his studies of theology.