Europe Communism

The appearance of a hastily constructed barbed wire entanglement through the heart of Berlin during the night of 12-13 August 1961 was both dramatic and unexpected. Within days, it had started to metamorphose into a structure that would come to symbolise the brutal insanity of the Cold War: the Berlin Wall. A city of almost four million was cut ruthlessly in two, unleashing a potentially catastrophic East-West crisis and plunging the entire world for the first time into the fear of imminent missile-borne apocalypse.

For more than 40 years, communism held eight European nations in its iron fist. Yet by the end of 1989, all of these nations had thrown off communism, declared independence, and embarked on the road to democracy.

In the aftermath of Germany's defeat in World War I and the failed November Revolution of 1918-19, the conservative government of Bavaria identified Jews with left-wing radicalism. Munich became a hotbed of right-wing extremism, with synagogues under attack and Jews physically assaulted in the streets. It was here that Adolf Hitler established the Nazi movement and developed his anti-Semitic ideas. Michael Brenner provides a gripping account of how Bavaria's capital city became the testing ground for Nazism and the Final Solution.

In 1871, the Franco-Prussian War was raging. The workers of Paris, fed up with a government that had begun the hated war, and the exploitation, repression, and abuse of "their" government, took matters into their own hands. They instituted the Paris Commune - of, by, and for the workers. Observing these events through news reports of the time, one of the foremost thinkers of the 19th century, Karl Marx, made three speeches to the International Workmen's Association.

An immigrant with a parrot in Stockholm, a photo of a girl in Lviv, a sculpture of Alexander the Great in Skopje, a memorial ceremony for the 50th anniversary of the Soviet led army invasion of Prague: these are a few glimpses of life in Eastern Europe today. Three decades after the Velvet Revolution, Slavenka Drakulic, the author of Cafe Europa and A Guided Tour of the Museum of Communism, takes a look at what has changed and what has remained the same in the region in her daring new essay collection.

¿Por qué se creían los bolcheviques con derecho a imponer a todos su idea de sociedad y a asesinar a los que la rechazaban y incluso a los que no llegaban a hacerlo? Esta es la gran cuestión del siglo que el mundo lleva a cuestas desde que Lenin tomó el poder: ¿por qué los comunistas se creen legitimados para robar y matar en nombre de una utopía que apenas esconde su afán de poder ilimitado?

Una lectura imprescindible para descifrar los orígenes de la guerra en Ucrania y la frágil situación de Europa del Este.

For three crucial years in the 1930s, the Spanish Civil War dominated headlines in America and around the world as volunteers flooded to Spain to help its democratic government fight off a fascist uprising led by Francisco Franco and aided by Hitler and Mussolini. Today we're accustomed to remembering the war through Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls and Robert Capa's photographs. But Adam Hochschild has discovered some less familiar yet far more compelling characters who reveal the full tragedy and importance of the war.

"Le Front populaire a changé concrètement la vie des gens. Pas de grands théâtres comme sous la Révolution française, pas de grands moments susceptibles de grandes fresques sous le pinceau d'un David, mais des petites choses. Des petites choses qui permettent à Jean Renoir ou à Fernand Léger de mettre en scène ou montrer les congés payés. C'est-à-dire des gens qui partent à bicyclette, en tandem et qui pour la première fois de leur vie découvrent la mer". Michel Onfray.

The Spanish military coup of 1936 was launched to overturn the social and economic reforms of the democratic Second Republic, and its educational and cultural challenges to the established order. The consequent civil war was fought in the interests of the landowners, industrialists, bankers, clerics and army officers whose privileges were threatened. However, a central justification for a war that took the lives of around 500,000 Spaniards was that it was being fought to combat an alleged scheme for world domination by a non-existent ‘Jewish-Masonic-Bolshevik Conspiracy’.

Tema fra i più spinosi e discussi nella storia dell'Ilalia repubblicana, il rapporto tra il Pci e l'Unione Sovietica negli anni della guerra e del primo dopoguerra è affrontato qui a partire da un'ampia documentazione di parte sovietica: soprattutto dai resoconti degli incontri di Togliatti e degli altri dirigenti del Pci con l'ambasciatore sovietico emerge un quadro stupefacente dell'allineamento del partito italiano agli obiettivi della politica estera sovietica.

The year 1989 brought the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. It was also the year that the economic theories of Reagan, Thatcher, and the Chicago School achieved global dominance. And it was these neoliberal ideas that largely determined the course of the political, economic, and social changes that transformed Europe over the next quarter century. This award-winning book provides the first comprehensive history of post-1989 Europe.

I tiden mellem de to verdenskrige spiller Skandinavien en hovedrolle for kommunistiske undergrundsaktiviteter med global rækkevidde. Med legale og illegale metoder dirigerer og kontrollerer magthaverne i Moskva den kamp, der skal udvide revolutionen i Rusland til intet mindre end en verdensrevolution. Fra Københavns små lejligheder over Stockholms smalle gader til det vindblæste Nordnorge eksisterer en underverden af mænd og kvinder, søfolk og akademikere, der målrettet arbejder på at forsvare Sovjetunionen og realisere deres ideal om en anden verden.

East Germany only existed for a short 40 years, but in that time, the country’s secret police, the Stasi, developed a highly successful “church department” that - using persuasion rather than threats - managed to recruit an extraordinary stable of clergy spies. Pastors, professors, seminary students, and even bishops spied on colleagues, other Christians, and anyone else they could report about to their handlers in the Stasi.

Considering the suspicions, jealousies, bigotry, and crass opportunism inherent whenever one power occupies another, Golden Ghetto: How the Americans and French Fell in and out of Love During the Cold War pieces together an improbable tale of how fear and skepticism were crushed by trust and friendship.

In 1955, Katharine Clark, the first American woman wire reporter behind the Iron Curtain, saw something none of her male colleagues did. What followed became one of the most unusual adventure stories of the Cold War. While on assignment in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, Clark befriended a man who, by many definitions, was her enemy. But she saw something in Milovan Djilas, a high-ranking Communist leader who dared to question the ideology he helped establish, that made her want to work with him. It became the assignment of her life.

Sono passati 35 anni dall'agonia, dalla morte, dai funerali di Enrico Berlinguer. In quei giorni l'Italia restò sospesa. E la morte di Berlinguer fu causa di dolore non solo per chi condivideva le sue idee, ma anche per chi le avversava. Questo audiolibro racconta le ragioni di quel dolore collettivo, ma soprattutto cerca di restituire ciò che di esemplare, unico, valido ancora e soprattutto oggi, resta dell'eredità politica del segretario del Partito comunista italiano. "Credo sia utile ritrovare oggi le idee di Enrico Berlinguer...".

Cambridge spy Guy Burgess was a supreme networker. He also set a gold standard for conflicts of interest, working variously for the BBC, MI5, MI6, the War Office, the Ministry of Information and the KGB. Yet Burgess was never challenged by Britain's spy catchers: his superiors were convinced he was too much of a liability to have been recruited by Moscow. Now, with a major new release of hundreds of files into the National Archives, Purvis and Hulbert reveal just how this charming establishment insider was able to fool everyone for so long.

Revolution and Counter-Revolution is a book by Friedrich Engels, with contributions by Karl Marx. The book is an account of the 1848 riots in various German states. Events in Austria and Prussia are discussed, along with the role of the Poles and Czechs and Panslavism.

The story of the young Teodor unravels on the background of the drama that his family and his country lived in the terrible days of the 1950s in a Stalinist Romania. While the Western countries were engaged in post-war reconstruction, the communist regime, imposed on Romanians by the Soviet Union, was committed to depriving its citizens of the most elementary freedoms and reducing an entire people to starvation. The regime threatens to eliminate the Flonta family, declaring Pavel, Teodor's father, an "enemy of the people". As a consequence, he is arrested, imprisoned and tortured.