Language Evolution

What makes us human? Why are we the only animals who wear clothes, drive cars, trawl the internet, and fly helicopters on Mars? It’s all because we’ve learnt to talk, yet remarkably, we still don’t know how we did it. Speech! suggests an answer that’s been hiding in plain sight - the simple yet radical shift that turned our analog grunts and shrieks into words. But, its consequences are far from simple: being able to share ideas through language was an evolutionary tipping point - it allowed us to link up our minds.

Born into a digital wonderland, our children are practically mini hackers right from the crib! Most of them were handed a device before they could walk, they clicked before they took their first bite and scrolled before they said their first words. But living online is a giant uncontrolled...

In the 1970s, the behavioral psychologist Herbert S. Terrace led a remarkable experiment to see if a chimpanzee could be taught to use language. A young ape, named “Nim Chimpsky” in a nod to the linguist whose theories Terrace challenged, was raised by a family in New York and instructed in American Sign Language. Initially, Terrace thought that Nim could create sentences but later discovered that Nim’s teachers inadvertently cued his signing. Terrace concluded that Project Nim failed - not because Nim couldn’t create sentences but because he couldn’t even learn words.

In its long history, the English language has had many lawmakers - those who have tried to regulate or otherwise organize the way we speak. The Lexicographer's Dilemma poses a pair of questions: What does proper English mean? And who gets to say what's right? Our ideas of correct or proper English have a history, and today's debates over the state of the language - whether about Ebonics in schools, the unique use of language in a South Park episode, or split infinitives in the Times - make sense only in historical context.

In this ambitious book, Jieun Kiaer explores the lives of English words in the twenty-first century, when the creation and use of language has become an increasingly dynamic, interactive, and diverse process in which ordinary people have taken leading roles—offering such coinages as "flexitarian," "MeToo," "glow up," and "shitizen" to "No sabo kids" and beyond. As English language grows ever more diverse, Kiaer believes, we need a paradigm shift.

Grumps the goat gets angry with everyone and everything all the time. The other animals try to reason with him but when something goes wrong, he just can't help himself. One day, something convinces Grumps that it's really not nice to be so angry. What brings about this change? Listen to find...

Snoffle the squirrel is very, very, very silly. She can't take anything seriously. But one day, an incident in Foggy Forest makes her feel very serious indeed. What happens and what does Snoffle learn. Listen to find out...

Woops the worm worries about everything. But one day, something happens that makes him not only stop worrying but also tell someone else not to. What do you think makes him forget all his worries? Listen to find out...

A history and examination of cursing, swearing, whatever you want to effing call it! Is it useful? Is it effective?

Prickles the porcupine is painfully shy. She can't bear to talk to anyone. But one day, her best friend, Woops the worm, decides to help her stop being so shy. What does Woops do? Listen to find out...

Zee the zebra is always moping around. One day, all the animals in Foggy Forest decide to show Zeezee how being sad is a downer for everyone. What do they do and how does Zeezee react? Listen to find out...

Crumble is always getting into trouble because she is so curious and constantly poking her nose into things that are not her business. One day, she learns a big lesson. What teaches her the lesson? Listen to find out...

Uff the snail is always sulking. And, naturally, no likes a moody friend. But there is someone who cares. Who helps Uff forget his sulks. Listen to find out...