Philosophy Academic

In 427 B.C., the Ancient Greek city-state of Athens was flourishing. Approximately 80 years earlier, the Athenians had formed the first self-representative democracy in history, the Peloponnesian War against Sparta had only just started, and Socrates was only beginning to lay the foundation of what would become Western philosophy.

In 427 B.C., the Ancient Greek city-state of Athens was flourishing. Approximately 80 years earlier, the Athenians had formed the first self-representative democracy in history, the Peloponnesian War against Sparta had only just started, and Socrates was only beginning to lay the foundation of what would become Western philosophy.

This essay comes from the NPR series This I Believe, which features brief personal reflections from both famous and unknown Americans. The pieces that make up the series compel listeners to rethink not only what and how they have arrived at their beliefs, but also the extent to which they share them with others.

Sir Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and writer who was commonly seen as one of the best mathematicians, physicists, and most prominent researchers of perpetuity. He was hailed as a natural theorist in his time. He was a considerable player in the knowledge thought movement. In the year 1687, he wrote Mathematical Concepts of Natural Philosophy, which established classical mechanics. Newton also made considerable advances in optics, and he shares credit for developing infinitesimal calculus with German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.

For a man who would be known the world over for his genius, Albert Einstein had a rather unimpressive childhood. It would not be until his mid-20s that his insight into nature and its connection with mathematics became apparent. Working as a Swiss patent clerk, he would squirrel away his research papers in his desk and work on them when no one was looking. During his “miracle year” of 1905, Einstein would produce four papers that would revolutionize theoretical physics.

Lo imaginamos caminando con un aire de desdén, desgarbado y sucio, mofándose de la idea de patria o polis. Vestido con un burdo manto y con su morral a la usanza de su maestro, Diógenes de Sinope, apodado "el Perro", proclamaba ser "ciudadano del mundo", después de renunciar a su fortuna y a su estatus privilegiado. Era la Grecia del siglo IV a. C., recientemente sometida por los ejércitos de Alejandro Magno, y el malestar de la época se manifestaba de varias maneras.

Sin duda, el filósofo francés más importante de su época. Con Bergson se produce el paso del siglo XIX al XX, un momento de transición del positivismo hacia una nueva filosofía y metafísica, un intuicionismo. Ganador del Premio Nobel de Literatura en 1927, la fuerza de su intelecto es seguida con interés incluso hoy, en pleno siglo XXI.

Nacido en Italia en el año 1224, Aquino fue un teólogo y filósofo católico perteneciente a la Orden de Predicadores, principal representante de la tradición escolástica, y fundador de la escuela tomista de teología y filosofía. Conocido también como Doctor Angélico o Doctor Común, es considerado santo por la Iglesia Católica y autor de la gran "Suma Teológica", tratado en el cual pretende exponer de modo ordenado la doctrina católica.

Aunque su existencia histórica se debate, es uno de los filósofos más relevantes de la civilización china. Se le atribuye haber escrito el Dao Dé Jing o Tao Te Ching, obra esencial del taoísmo. De acuerdo con este libro, el Dao o Tao (el Camino) puede verse como el cambio permanente y la verdad universal.

Sam Walton is best known for founding the retail chains of Walmart and Sam's Club. Founded in 1962, Walmart continued to expand internationally for the next 30 years and by the year 2010, it had become the largest company in the world.

Inmortal filósofo griego, autor de los famosos "Diálogos", alumno de Sócrates y maestro de Aristóteles, junto a éste último es quién determinó gran parte de las creencias centrales del pensamiento occidental y del hombre corriente (cosas como "sentido común", "Verdad", opinión, ciencia y más).