War Conflicts

In terms of geopolitics, perhaps the most seminal event of the Middle Ages was the successful Ottoman siege of Constantinople in 1453. The city had been an imperial capital as far back as the fourth century, when Constantine the Great shifted the power center of the Roman Empire there, effectively establishing two almost equally powerful halves of antiquity’s greatest empire.

By revolutionizing and modernizing Russian arms, including the creation of Russia’s first naval force, Peter was able to pursue an aggressive and expansionist foreign policy that set the stage for the way the European map would be redrawn again and again over the coming centuries. Some of those forays were memorably countered by Western Europeans and the Holy League, but the Ottomans’ most frequent foe was the Russian Empire, which opposed them for both geopolitical and religious reasons.

The policy of manifest destiny increased tensions with Mexico in the 1840s. Mexico's northern half formed the western border of the territory bought in the Louisiana Purchase. Naturally, notions of the United States expanding to the Pacific Ocean alarmed Mexico, which held what is today the west coast of the United States. However, Mexico first came to regard American expansion as a serious problem with the immigration of Americans into its northeastern territory.

La Grande Guerra è ormai alle porte: il 1914 è l'anno cruciale, le diverse forze sono pronte a schierarsi, mentre altre aspettano condizioni maggiormente favo-revoli, tra tensioni e rivalità che aumentano ogni giorno di più. Le prime battaglie - come quella della Kolubara, l'invasione della Galizia, o la battaglia dei Laghi Masuri - sono solo il preludio degli scontri cruenti e sangui-nosi che avranno luogo nella fase successiva.

Ese libro consta de dos partes: a) Resumen de conceptos básicosdel libro de Sun Tzu b) Guía de aplicación práctica para el diseño e implementación de estrategias competitivas en el mundo de los negocios, hoy.