War Theory

On March 25, 1957, Italy signed the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community (EEC), a forerunner of the European Union (EU) that was promoted as a guarantor of future peace in Europe. For the soldiers on both sides of World War II fighting each other 13 years earlier in the mountains around Monte Cassino, south of Rome, this would have seemed a highly improbable outcome. The Italian Campaign of World War II effectively divided Italians into three groups, and the country into two rival political entities.

Sandwiched between the Revolution and the Civil War, the War of 1812 is one of America’s forgotten conflicts, and the stalemated nature of the war (which resolved virtually none of either side’s war aims) has also ensured that it is often given merely a cursory overview. Under President Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) and James Madison (1809-1817), the United States tried to steer a course that would keep it from being drawn into the European war and defend its neutrality on the high seas.

With Germany resurgent and rearmed after the disasters inflicted on it by the Treaty of Versailles following World War I, the Munich Agreement held out hope of a quick end to German ambitions and the return of stable, normal international relations across Europe. Of course, the Munich agreement is now notorious because its promise proved barren within a very short period of time. Chamberlain's actions either failed to avert, or actually hastened, the very cataclysm he wished to avoid at all costs.

Separated by vast gulfs of political, cultural, and philosophical divergence, the three chief Allied nations of World War II - the United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain - attempted to formulate a joint policy through a series of three conferences during and immediately after the conflict.

Standing in history like a milestone marking the boundary between one era and the next, the Potsdam Conference brought together the leaders of the three major Allied powers - the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom - for the last time at the end of World War II and at the threshold of the Cold War. A follow up to the Yalta Conference just five months earlier, Potsdam attempted to work out the contours of the postwar world.

While the conflict over slavery was a factor in the Civil War, the abolition of slavery did not become a stated objective until President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, which went into effect on January 1, 1863. Freeing the slaves held in the still Confederate controlled states, it is heralded as one of America's most significant documents.

Dred Scott was an unlikely candidate to become the impetus and rallying cry of a brand-new political party in the mid-19th century. He was sold to US Army doctor John Emerson in St. Louis, Missouri. Emerson's commission brought him to the Wisconsin Territory in 1836, which was free territory where slavery was illegal. By 1840, Dred Scott had married another slave of Emerson's, and the couple had a child. Desperate to shake off the yoke of slavery, Scott sued for his freedom in Missouri, arguing that once he had entered free territory he could no longer be a slave.

Throughout the 1850s, the issues of slavery and states' rights had divided the nation. With the election of 1860, these issues finally came to a head, setting the stage for the American Civil War. Compelling, action-packed text, vivid sensory details, and primary source quotes bring the story to life so that listeners feel as if they were actually alive during the historical event.

La Segunda Guerra Mundial se alza en su inmensidad y complejidad sobre el resto de la historia humana. Un número de víctimas difícil de concebir, jamás superado por ningún otro coflicto; las masas de hombres, mujeres y recursos movilizados en una guerra que sacudió hasta los confines más remotos del planeta; la batalla ideológica entre el totalitarismo y la democracia, entre el fascismo y el comunismo, las pasiones y odios que despertó; el horror inimaginable y el fanatismo del holocausto.

La Segunda Guerra Mundial se alza en su inmensidad y complejidad sobre el resto de la historia humana. Un número de víctimas difícil de concebir, jamás superado por ningún otro conflicto; las masas de hombres, mujeres y recursos movilizados en una guerra que sacudió hasta los confines más remotos del planeta; la batalla ideológica entre el totalitarismo y la democracia, entre el fascismo y el comunismo, las pasiones y odios que despertó; el horror inimaginable y el fanatismo del holocausto; los juegos geopolíticos.

La Segunda Guerra Mundial se alza en su inmensidad y complejidad sobre el resto de la historia humana. Un número de víctimas difícil de concebir, jamás superado por ningún otro conflicto; las masas de hombres, mujeres y recursos movilizados en un conflicto que sacudió hasta los confines más remotos del planeta; la batalla ideológica entre el totalitarismo y la democracia, entre el fascismo y el comunismo, las pasiones y odios que despertó; el horror inimaginable y el fanatismo del holocausto; los juegos geopolíticos.

Written in the sixth century BC by senior military general and advisor Sun Tzu, The Art of War has been adopted by strategists the world over. The tactics detailed in the work are appropriate even today, after two and a half millennia, for all those wishing to obtain the best performance from their soldiers and subordinates, sports athletes, and themselves.