Jonathan Cohler and Willie Soon present a rebuttal to assertions made by Ned Nikolov about the physical meaning of global mean surface temperature (GMST). They argue that GMST is a physically meaningless statistical construct that cannot represent the Earth's thermal state or energy content due to its basis in non-equilibrium thermodynamics. They emphasize that temperature is an intensive property and its aggregation across different systems is fundamentally flawed from both mathematical and thermodynamic perspectives.

00:00 Introduction and Guest Introduction

00:38 Global Temperature: Physically Meaningless

01:28 Thermodynamics and Its Importance

02:26 Disagreement in Science

02:58 Essex Etal 2007 Paper Discussion

04:25 Defining Global Mean Surface Temperature (GMST)

08:04 Temperature and Energy Relationship

15:43 Critique of Nikolov's Claims

34:26 Averaging Methods and Their Flaws

49:28 Debunking Global Temperature Myths

49:48 The Flaws in Global Temperature Estimation

51:23 Classical Realism and Thermodynamics

53:06 Critique of GMST and Climate Models

54:23 The Paris Agreement and GMST

55:47 Misconceptions in Climate Science

01:14:21 The Role of AI in Climate Research

01:20:03 Concluding Thoughts and Future Work

https://jonathancohler.com/

https://x.com/cohler

DDP July 2025 presentation: “The Father of Lies: Hijacking Climate Science - Jonathan Cohler”: https://youtu.be/o_YJgD5cy1I

DDP July 2025 presentation: How well can we measure the Earth’s energy budget? Willie Soon, Ph.D.: https://youtu.be/tI0qmV2Bbc8

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Slides, summaries, references, and transcripts of my podcasts: https://tomn.substack.com/p/podcast-summaries

My Linktree: https://linktr.ee/tomanelson1

Ned Nikolov discusses the physical meaning of the global mean surface temperature, addressing critiques by papers from Essex et al. (2007) and Jonathan Cohler (2025) that question its validity. Nikolov argues that these critiques misunderstand thermodynamic principles, and presents his own analysis, supported by satellite data, which shows a meaningful correlation between global mean surface temperature and energy fluxes. He emphasizes the importance of using accurate scientific principles when critiquing climate science to maintain credibility.

00:00 Introduction and Topic Overview

00:38 Questioning the Global Mean Surface Temperature

01:24 Review of Key Papers

02:23 Arguments Against Global Mean Surface Temperature

04:29 Analyzing the Validity of Temperature Averages

09:47 Kohler's Perspective on Temperature Measurement

19:03 Empirical Data and Model Comparisons

33:45 Understanding Temperature in Thermodynamics

37:49 Introduction to Temperature and Energy Concepts

38:09 Kohler's Statement and Its Flaws

38:34 Understanding Internal Energy and PV Energy

40:39 The Gas Law and Its Implications

43:08 Boltzmann Constant and Molecular Energy

44:11 Degrees of Freedom in Gas Molecules

45:06 Combining Equations for Total Energy

48:33 Temperature and Energy Relationship

49:11 Redefining Kelvin Using Boltzmann Constant

54:57 Global Mean Surface Temperature

57:55 Calculating Moon's Average Temperature

01:02:05 Latitude and Global Temperature Relationship

01:06:36 Critique of IPCC and Climate Skeptics

01:09:35 Q&A and Final Thoughts

Essex et al. (2007): https://www.fys.ku.dk/~andresen/BAhome/ownpapers/globalTexist.pdf

Cohler (2025): https://www.jpands.org/vol30no4/cohler.pdf

Nikolv & Zeller (2024): https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7418/4/3/17

Open Letter to IPCC: https://tallbloke.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/open_letter_to_ipcc_authors.pdf

My tweet about NASA and global average temperature being 62.45F, or between 56F and 58F, or something: https://x.com/TomANelson/status/1033711214109646848

https://x.com/NikolovScience

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Slides, summaries, references, and transcripts of my podcasts: https://tomn.substack.com/p/podcast-summaries

My Linktree: https://linktr.ee/tomanelson1

Steve Davies discusses the major themes of his new book ‘The Great Realignment: Why the New Right Wing Politics is Here to Stay,’ which analyzes the political upheaval since the mid-2000s. He explains how traditional left vs. right economic issues have been replaced by a new alignment based on nationalism vs. cosmopolitanism, driven by deep structural changes in the global economy and political landscape. Davies also touches on topics like digital IDs, the future of climate change policies, open borders, and the impact of emerging geopolitical shifts.

00:00 Introduction to Steve Davies and His New Book

01:32 The Great Realignment: Political Upheaval Explained

03:17 The Collapse of Traditional Major Parties

04:54 The Permanent Nature of New Right Politics

05:35 Understanding Political Realignment

09:40 The Shift from Economics to Globalization vs. Cosmopolitanism

15:48 Material Causes Behind Political Changes

16:44 Impact of Global Investment and Migration

19:46 The Role of Meritocracy and Cultural Splits

21:39 Climate Change in the New Political Divide

27:09 Alternative Solutions to Global Problems

29:41 The Future of the United Nations

31:08 Global Power Shifts and the Decline of the UN

33:49 The Looming Debt Crisis

34:59 The Impact of Aging Populations on National Budgets

37:12 Potential Solutions to the Debt Problem

38:07 The Future of the US Dollar and Global Finance

40:21 Public Spending and Corruption

42:39 The Threat of Digital Dystopia

47:14 Open Borders and Immigration Policies

58:48 Final Thoughts on Future Political Landscapes

https://x.com/SteveDavies365

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Slides, summaries, references, and transcripts of my podcasts: https://tomn.substack.com/p/podcast-summaries

My Linktree: https://linktr.ee/tomanelson1