Language Philosophy

Stymied and stumped by arguments that wrap around you like web of mystification? The Amazing Dr. Ransom's Bestiary of Adorable Fallacies is here to help! This "Field Guide for Clear Thinkers" is filled with descriptions, exercises, and analysis to help you identify and avoid fallacies you might encounter in everyday life.

By explaining how the human brain works and outing its most irrational processes, this book provides the thinking tools that will help you make better decisions, ask the right questions (at the right time), know what to look for when evaluating information, and understand how your own brain subconsciously clouds your judgment. Think you're too smart to be easily misled? Harrison summarizes scientific research showing how easily even intelligent and well-educated people can be fooled.

المادَّة هي المكوِّن الأساسي للكون. ونحن نعرف الذرَّة جيداً وأنها جُسيم شديد الصِّغر لدرجة أن شعرة الإنسان الرفيعة قد تتَّسع لمليون ذرَّة. إلا أن المادَّة بحرٌ أوسع من هذا بكثير، وفَـهْـم طبيعتها عملية دؤوبة لا تنتهي. يستكشف «جيف كوتريل» خبايا جميع أشكال المادَّة، بدايةً من أشكالها المألوفة مثل المواد الصلبة والسائلة والغازيَّـة، وحتى البلازما والأشكال غير المألوفة، مثل المادَّة الكميَّـة والمادَّة المضادَّة. يستعرض كوتريل كذلك نشأة المادَّة في الانفجار العظيم، فيتحدَّث عن تكوين الذرَّة والطاقة والكتلة والأشكال الغامضة للمـادَّة المظلمة والطاقة المظلمة، فيتضح لنا أننا ما زلنا لا نعلم الكثير عن المادَّة التي يتكوَّن منها عالمنا.

الصوت جزءٌ لا يتجزّأ من تجربتنا الحياتية وتفاعلنا مع العالم من حولنا، سواء أكان ذلك في صورة ضجيج أم موسيقى؛ فالصوت يُشكِّل كيفية تعاملنا مع كل ما يحيط بنا، ومن ثم فلا غنى عن فهمه في العديد من المجالات المتنوّعة، مثل علم النفس واللغويات والعمارة والسلوك الحيواني والتطوّر وعلم المحيطات، وبالطبع الموسيقى. في هذا الكتاب، يأخذنا مايك جولدسميث في جولة سريعة نلقي فيها نظرة على علم الصوت ونستكشفه في سياقات متباينة، ما بين المسموع وغير المسموع، وما تحت الأرض وتحت الماء، وما هو إلكتروني وكهربائي، فضلاً عن نعمة السمع لدى الإنسان والحيوان. وعلى مدار الفصول الثمانية القصيرة لهذا الكتاب، يلقي جولدسميث الضوء على أهم الاكتشافات في تاريخ البشرية التي أثّرت على فهمنا للصوت واستخداماتنا المعاصرة له، كما يناقش مشكلة الصوت عندما يكون «في غير محله»، أي الضجيج، وكيف يمكننا الحدّ منه وحماية آذاننا وسط الأصوات التي لا نختار الاستماع إليها.

في هذه المقدِّمة الموجزة، يستكشف بيتر آدمسون تاريخَ الفلسفة لدى المسلمين واليهود والمسيحيين في الأراضي الإسلامية، من خلفيتها التاريخية إلى مفكري القرن العشرين. ومن خلال تقديـم الموضوعـات الفلســفية الرئيسية في العالم الإسلامي، يدمج آدمسون أفكاراً من الديانات الإسلامية والمسيحية واليهودية للنظر في الأسئلة الفلسفية الواسعة التي تستمرُّ في إثارة الجدل، مثل: ما العلاقة بين العقل والمعتقَد الديني؟ ما طبيعة المعرفة؟ كيف يمكن للفلسفة أن تؤثِّر على الأخلاق والسياسة؟ واعتماداً على أحدثِ الأبحاث في هذا المجال، يتحدَّى هذا الكتاب افتراضَ التدهور الثقافي للفلسفة والعلوم في العالم الإسلامي من خلال إظهار تراثهما الغني وتداخلهما مع الديانات والفلسفات الأخرى.

How can political campaigns fight back against disinformation? A decade after The Victory Lab: The Secret Science of Winning Campaigns, which Politico called "Moneyball for politics," journalist Sasha Issenberg returns to the cutting edge of political innovation to reveal how campaigns are...

Improve your Spanish, and expand your vocabulary with topics that matter. When it comes to mastering a foreign language, listening around your interests makes all the difference. But finding books designed for language learners can be hard! This book fixes that. For the first time, you’ll learn to improve your Spanish while listening about the history of World War II.

This guide will teach you how to analyse arguments, speeches, and newspaper articles. It will help you discern faults in reasoning from sound arguments. It looks at the structure of language in order to demonstrate rules by which you can identify good analytical thinking, and will help you to formulate clear, defensible arguments. With real life newspaper extracts, a glossary, exercises and answers, and a guide to essay writing, this is an invaluable tool for both students and general readers.

From the coauthor of Algorithms to Live By, an exploration of the quest to use mathematics to describe the ways we think, from its origins three hundred years ago to the ideas behind modern AI systems and the ways in which they still differ from human minds Everyone has a basic understanding of...

Aristotle wrote on everything from the shape of seashells to sterility, from speculations on the nature of the soul to meteorology, poetry, art, and even the interpretation of dreams. Apart from mathematics, he transformed every field of knowledge that he touched. Above all, Aristotle is credited with the founding of logic. When he first divided human knowledge into separate categories, he enabled our understanding of the world to develop in a systematic fashion.

On June 22, 1936, the philosopher Moritz Schlick was on his way to deliver a lecture at the University of Vienna when Johann Nelböck, a deranged former student of Schlick's, shot him dead on the university steps. Some Austrian newspapers defended the madman, while Nelböck himself argued in court that his onetime teacher had promoted a treacherous Jewish philosophy. David Edmonds traces the rise and fall of the Vienna Circle - an influential group of brilliant thinkers led by Schlick.

""His groundbreaking work has changed the very ways we consider our health and examine disease.” —Barack Obama From Dr. Francis Collins, director of the National Institute of Health, 2007 recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and 15-year head of the Human Genome Project, comes one...

This work sets forth a theory which is speculative in nature, there being no verifying experiments. It is based on the idea of the reversibility of everything in time; that is, that every type of process has its time image, a corresponding process which is its exact reverse with respect to time.

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The Enchiridion of Epictetus will serve you well as a handbook on dealing with the day to day issues of life that all people including Indigo's have to deal with. Indigo Wisdom represents the teachings of one of the Masters of Ancient and Esoteric Wisdom, Epictetus. His teachings are interpreted here for those living in current times. His knowledge is brought to you in a clear and precise manner without losing the essence or original tone of his work. It is easy to understand and is easy to implement into your life.

In an age when philosophers had scarcely glimpsed the horizons of the mind, a boy named Aristocles decided to forgo his ambitions as a wrestler. Adopting the nickname Plato, he embarked instead on a life in philosophy. In 387 B.C. he founded the Academy, the world's first university, and taught his students that all we see is not reality but merely a reproduction of the true source. And in his famous Republic he described the politics of "the highest form of state."

Le mensonge est important. Nous nous mentons à nous-même et aux autres. Mais qu'est-ce qui nous pousse à dissimuler ou arranger la vérité à notre avantage ? Nous sommes imparfaits, pas aussi bons que nous le souhaiterions ou que nous le prétendons. L'intégration sociale nous oblige également à mentir car la vérité est source de problèmes et de conflits. Pour survivre et réussir, nous faisons semblant, avec les meilleures intentions. Mais attention! Le mensonge est bien trompeur. Quelles sont derrière les apparences, les diverses causes et formes du mensonge ?

Think like Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, and Charles Darwin. Great geniuses before us have uncovered certain key principles on their path to greatness. You can learn those principles now, without all of the sweat, tears, and costly mistakes. Imagine that you could tap into the minds of many great geniuses. Think how they could help you solve challenging problems, broaden your mental horizons, and avoid common pitfalls. They actually can, if we study the principles that they lived by, and incorporate them into our lives.

Irony and sarcasm are two of the most misused, misapplied, and misunderstood words in our conversational lexicon. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, psycholinguist Roger Kreuz offers an enlightening and concise overview of the life and times of these two terms, mapping their evolution from Greek philosophy and Roman rhetoric to modern literary criticism to emojis.

In our ever-more-polarized society, there's at least one thing we still agree on: The world is overrun with misinformation, faulty logic, and the gullible followers who buy into it all. Of course, we're not among them - are we? Scientist David Robert Grimes is on a mission to expose the logical fallacies and cognitive biases that drive our discourse on a dizzying array of topics - from vaccination to abortion, 9/11 conspiracy theories to dictatorial doublespeak, astrology to alternative medicine, and wrongful convictions to racism.