Social Studies Study Guide

Philosopher Judith Butler's 1990 work, Gender Trouble, shook the foundations of feminist theory and changed the conversation about gender. While many thinkers already accepted that "gender" was a category constructed by society rather than defined by one's genitalia, Butler went further and argued that gender is performative - it exists only in the acts that express it. Society determines that wearing makeup is "feminine" - but some men wear makeup. Are they "women"?

In 1963's The Feminine Mystique, she identified "the problem that has no name" afflicting women pressured to devote themselves to domestic life. After World War II, society fostered the idea that women wanted different things from men - namely, to run homes and live through the achievements of their husbands and children. In reality, rigid gender roles left housewives frustrated and depressed and caused tensions both in their marriages and in how couples raised their children.

Philosopher Mary Wollstonecraft's 1792 work A Vindication of the Rights of Woman is a key text in the development of what we now know as feminism. Written in the atmosphere created by the French Revolution, which made radical change seem possible, Wollstonecraft's work challenges the idea that society's oppression of women is entirely natural. While her male contemporaries happily argued for the fundamental freedoms of all men, few were interested in extending these revolutionary rights to women.

Men and women think, talk, and act differently - which causes problems for writers who are trying to create characters of the opposite sex. When we understand the difference between masculine and feminine qualities and habits, we can use those behaviors and patterns to create characters who are plausible and unique, but not stereotypical. Writing between the Sexes will help you to identify your own gender-specific behaviors, notice those of the opposite sex, and use both to make your characters believable.

De Beauvoir's book charted the oppression of "the second sex" in terms never before seen in the academic world. Her most startling theory became a rallying cry for the feminist movement: "One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman." She argued that gender identity was shaped by upbringing in a world ruled by men. A leading light in the existentialist movement, de Beauvoir applied the radical philosophy of personal choice and freedom to argue that women were subjugated in every area of life.

Why has gender inequality persisted for so long without revolutionary change? That's the central question Joan Wallach Scott poses in her 1998 collection of essays, Gender and the Politics of History. Scott notes that obvious economic, social, and class inequalities have produced large-scale social change, but uncovering the reality of gender inequality has not done the same.

Even as recently as the 1920s the historical lack of great female writers was often considered as evidence of women's inferiority. Virginia Woolf disagreed. In her 1929 essay A Room of One's Own, she argues that creativity is impossible without privacy and freedom from financial worries - and that throughout history women have had neither. As a result, no tradition of great female writing existed to inspire women. Woolf's focus on the everyday suppression of women was a turning point.

In this profoundly significant book, author Michael Gurian synthesizes current knowledge and clearly demonstrates how this distinction in hard-wiring and socialized gender differences affects how boys and girls learn. Gurian presents a new way to educate our children based on brain science, neurological development, and chemical and hormonal disparities.

In their best-selling book, The Coddling of the American Mind, Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt explore the culture of fragility and safetyism that has invaded American universities since 2013 and the underlying causes behind it. (Disclaimer: This is NOT the original book. If you’re looking for the original book, it is available from Amazon and Audible.)

This is an audio summary of Bob's Woodward's best-selling book that explores the detailed inner workings of Trump's highly unorthodox, and often toxic, White House. It is intended as a companion to, not a replacement for, the original book.

Don't miss this summary of Thomas L. Friedman's eye-opening look at the current state of the world, Thank You for Being Late: An Optimist's Guide to Thriving in the Age of Accelerations. In his book, Friedman explores the accelerating changes affecting our world and offers concrete advice for how we need to adapt. This SUMOREADS summary provides key takeaways and analysis from the original book to help you quickly absorb his profound wisdom.

Let a Man Be a Man: A Woman's Guide to a Healthy Relationship by Audra P. Jackson is a powerful guide that aims to reshape the dynamics between men and women in relationships. Drawing on her extensive experiences as a married, former music industry veteran and insights from focus groups, Jackson explores the often-overlooked ways in which women can unintentionally emasculate men.

People of the past shaped this world, intentionally or unintentionally, which yielded the world we see today. Harnessing that evolutionary instinct of taking on risk and carving out meaning in this world is something to revisit and explore. In this book, the author applies primal characteristics of strength, courage, honor, and mastery to help listeners improve their personal, physical, financial, social, and spiritual well-being.

Do you find yourself confronted with the nagging feeling that you should be doing more, making better decisions, being a better person, and wanting more out of your life? Once upon a time in Ancient China, there was a farmer with a brand-new horse. One day, his horse ran away. His neighbors gathered around him and said “It is so unfortunate for your horse to run away.”

Summary Bundle: Courage & Memoir includes Summary of Daring Greatly and Summary of Devil's Bargain. Daring Greatly offers solutions for becoming successful despite vulnerabilities. Devil's Bargain discusses the alliance of Trump and Bannon and Trump's rise to power.

This audiobook Summary Bundle: Diet & Communications includes Summary of Cravings and Summary of Crucial Conversations Tools for Talking When Stakes Are High. Satisfy your cravings, and learn communication to start accelerating your growth today.

Chief Loren Culp stood up for the rights of citizens in the face of a statewide initiative to restrict gun rights that he believed went against his oath of office. Was it the right thing to do? Whether you are liberal or conservative, pro-gun or anti-gun, you will find the information provided in this book compelling. Many have said that police just need to enforce the law because they are law enforcement. Chief Culp says "that’s not true". Who is right? Get an inside look at why Culp chose to uphold the constitution and defend your right to bear arms.

Summary Bundle: Low Carb Lifestyle includes five summaries of best-selling books on health, diet, and low-carb living, plus one secret bonus book! That's six book summaries all for one low price! Buy this six-book bundle to improve your health and start living the low-carb lifestyle today! Please note: This is a collection of summaries, analyses, and reviews of the books, and not the original books. These summaries are meant as a supplement to and not a replacement for the original books.

In his 2005 book Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (also subtitled How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive), author and multifaceted US scholar Jared M. Diamond clearly identifies five major factors that he says determine the success or failure of all human societies in all periods of history. Having first asked why societies collapse, Diamond explores various examples of failed societies, from the Norsemen of Scandinavia, who colonized Greenland in the early 10th century, to the 18th-century inhabitants of Easter Island.

Born in 1858, Franz Boas permanently changed the standards and practices of anthropology. A German-born secular Jew, he became known for his distinctive approach to the discipline - non-hierarchical, open to diverse inputs, and unbiased. Throughout his career, Boas used his scholarship to effect social change. His work convinced his colleagues to abandon the theories that had decided one race (Caucasian) and one culture (Western European) were more fully developed and worthier than others.