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Episode 23 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

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Intro: Rock Christmas/ Christmas Music by tramp963

Outro: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Courtesy of Pixabay for non-commercial educational use

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Questions and Answers from Episode 22

Question 1:

A 45-year-old patient presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss. Laboratory tests reveal a fasting plasma glucose of 130 mg/dL and an HbA1c of 6.8%. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?

C. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Question 2:

A 60-year-old patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has an HbA1c of 8.2% despite being on metformin. The patient has a history of heart failure and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which of the following medications would be most beneficial for this patient?

C. SGLT2 inhibitor

Question 3:

A patient with long-standing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus presents with progressive vision loss, floaters, and flashes of light. Fundoscopic examination reveals microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and neovascularization. What is the most likely diagnosis?

C. Diabetic retinopathy

Paper for next week

Gabriela Brenta & Ulrike Gottwald-Hostalek (2025) Comorbidities of hypothyroidism, Current Medical Research and Opinion, 41:3, 421-429

Rotations 2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

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Episode 22.1 Elizabeth Beverly PhD, Diabetes Researcher

Shoot me any comments or questions @Rotations2ptoh on X

Intro/Outro: Night Detective by Amaksi

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons for non-Commercial Educational use only.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Rotations is produced using (and we always accept donations from any gear folks):

Rode Podcaster Pro

Rode NT1-A mics

Polsen Studio Headphones

Kopul XLR cables

SanDisk media

iPhone 6

Final Cut Pro X

iMac

Tama mic stands

Rotations 2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Rotations is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.

Send us a text

Episode 22 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Shoot me any comments or questions @Rotation2ptoh on X

Intro: Rock Christmas/ Christmas Music by tramp963

Outro: KI Instrumental (Rock Malmsteen-Style) by Lyrium-2025

Courtesy of Pixabay for non-commercial educational use

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Questions and Answers from Episode 21

1. A 62-year-old man presents with fever, productive cough, and pleuritic chest pain. Chest X-ray reveals a moderate right-sided pleural effusion. Thoracentesis is performed, and pleural fluid analysis shows:

• pH: 6.95
• Glucose: 32 mg/dL
• LDH: 1,200 IU/L
• Gram stain: negative

Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

C. Insert a chest tube for drainage

2. A 55-year-old woman is admitted with pneumonia and a suspected pleural effusion. A contrast-enhanced chest CT reveals thickened, enhancing visceral and parietal pleura with a fluid collection measuring 35 mm. Which of the following radiologic signs is most consistent with this finding?

B. Split pleura sign

3. A 70-year-old man is diagnosed with hospital-acquired empyema. Pleural fluid culture grows methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). According to recent studies, which of the following statements best describes the prognosis associated with this organism?

C. It is associated with significantly increased 1-year mortality

Paper for next week

Giuseppe Maltese, Sybil A McAuley, Steven Trawley, Alan J Sinclair, Ageing well with diabetes: the role of technology, Diabetologia (2024) 67:2085–2102

Rotations 2.0 is copyrighted. But you can use any content from the podcast for non-commercial purposes under Creative Commons….BUT, BUT, BUT, you must cite Rotations 2.0 and Todd Fredricks DO MSS as the source of the material AND AND AND you cannot alter or edit the content in any manner without expressed permission of Todd Fredricks DO MSS.

Rotations 2.0 is made possible by the generous understanding and accommodation of my beloved institution, Ohio University. The comments and ideas expressed on Rotations 2.0 are that of the content creators alone and may not reflect official policy or the opinion of the Ohio University, the State of Ohio, or the US Government or any other state, person or governmental agency.

Listeners interested in specifics from the paper authors should contact them directly through their respective institutions.

Any therapeutic ideas discussed should not be taken as any kind of medical advice or recommendations by the content creators and the content creators are not offering medical advice but discussing topics from an academic perspective. Listeners seeking advice about any medical care or decision-making should consult their own physician or medical provider and the content creators of Rotations 2.0 assume no liability for any listener's care or decision-making stemming from the topics discussed on Rotations 2.0.